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SQC

Statistical quality control (SQC) involves using statistical techniques to carry out quality control activities. It is used to make corrections to prevent defective products and achieve process control. The benefits of SQC include more efficient inspection through sampling, reduced waste, improved fault detection through control charts, lower costs, and better customer relations. SQC involves measuring quality characteristics, presenting data through frequency distributions, calculating statistical measures of central tendency and dispersion, and analyzing results using the normal distribution curve.

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dinesh Lohar
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479 views11 pages

SQC

Statistical quality control (SQC) involves using statistical techniques to carry out quality control activities. It is used to make corrections to prevent defective products and achieve process control. The benefits of SQC include more efficient inspection through sampling, reduced waste, improved fault detection through control charts, lower costs, and better customer relations. SQC involves measuring quality characteristics, presenting data through frequency distributions, calculating statistical measures of central tendency and dispersion, and analyzing results using the normal distribution curve.

Uploaded by

dinesh Lohar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistical Quality Control

Q. What is SQC ? State its benefits


Meaning (Definition) of SQC:
When quality control activities are carried out
with the help of statistical techniques, it is called
as statistical quality control.

It is used to make the necessary corrections so


that no defective products are produced and
process control is achieved.
DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 1
Importance (Benefits) of SQC
• Rapid and efficient inspection:100% inspection is replaced
by sampling inspection by random selection of samples
• Reduction of spoiled work: the trend of production can be
determined and it can be predicted of faulty components
• More effective method: based on probability concept
hence effective pressure on quality control and
• Easy fault detection: errors can be determined by studying
the Control charts.
• Improved producer–customer relations: Better quality
control helps to develop improved customer relations
• Cost reduction: Use of SQC tools helps to reduce the cost of
inspection, cost of rework, scrap, etc.

DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 2
Variable and Attribute Measurement
• Definition: When measurement consists of
measuring of the quality characteristics of the
given component/product with the help of
precision measuring instruments, it is known as
variable measurement.
• Important features of variable measurement
a. Actual dimensions of component/products are
measured and data is collected.
For example, 20.20 mm diameter of connecting rod.
DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 3
Attribute measurement
• Definition: When quality characteristics are checked to
decide the conformance/non conformance of the product
with reference to standards and grouped into ok or defective
products, is known as attribute measurement.
• Important features
i. It is not a measurement of any characteristics but only gives
information about whether parts are acceptable or not.
ii. It uses “GO/NOGO” gauges, NDT methods, visual
inspection,etc
For example,
a. Plug gauge used for checking bearings
b. Furniture texture checking
c. Welded joints checking

DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 4
DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 5
Preliminary Concepts of SQC
• Definition of Frequency Distribution: When the
observations (measured sizes) of products are
plotted against the frequency of occurrences in
the graphical form, it is known as frequency
distribution.
• The height of column/curve shows the
variations in the observations in the frequency
distribution graph.

DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 6
Methods of Frequency Distribution Presentations

DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 7
Statistical Measures
Central tendency:
The observations are plotted in the form of
frequency distribution and it shows that most of
observations are close to the middle value (mean
of the observations) of the two extremes. This
tendency of data is known as central tendency

DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 8
• Central tendency is expressed in three way:
a. Arithmetic mean (average value – X)
b. Median (middle value)
c. Mode (Highest frequency value)
Dispersion:
It describes the variations in the data. It is defined
as the extent to which data is scattered about the
zone of central tendency, it is known as dispersion.
• It can be expressed by three ways:
• a. Range (R): Rmax- Rmin
• b. Standard deviation (s):
• c. Variance
DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 9
Normal Distribution Curve(N-D Curve)
Definition: When frequency distribution curve is plotted for
number of observations and it is bell shape and symmetrical
about mean, then it is called as normal distribution curve.

DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 10
• Important characteristics of N–D Curve
• i. It is shaped and symmetrical about mean.
• ii. It is defined by mean (X) and standard
deviation (6)
• iii.
• iv. Practically it is limited to ± 36 (99.73%)
• Applications of N–D curve
• i. Process capability study of processes.
• ii. Find out defective products and proportions.

DVLohar/SQC/2018-19 11

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