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ISDN

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) allows transmission of voice, video, and data over digital telephone circuits or normal phone lines. It provides faster call setup and data transfer than modems. ISDN devices include terminal adapters to connect non-ISDN devices to ISDN networks, and network terminators that physically connect customer sites to telephone networks. ISDN uses standards for protocols at the physical, data link, and network layers that define frame formats, signaling, and call establishment. Basic Rate Interface (BRI) provides two 64 kbps channels and one 16 kbps channel, while Primary Rate Interface provides up to 30 64 kbps channels. Configuring ISDN involves setting the switch type, service profile identifiers if needed

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431 views26 pages

ISDN

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) allows transmission of voice, video, and data over digital telephone circuits or normal phone lines. It provides faster call setup and data transfer than modems. ISDN devices include terminal adapters to connect non-ISDN devices to ISDN networks, and network terminators that physically connect customer sites to telephone networks. ISDN uses standards for protocols at the physical, data link, and network layers that define frame formats, signaling, and call establishment. Basic Rate Interface (BRI) provides two 64 kbps channels and one 16 kbps channel, while Primary Rate Interface provides up to 30 64 kbps channels. Configuring ISDN involves setting the switch type, service profile identifiers if needed

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VIMAL KUMAR CHAUHAN
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Integrated Services

Digital Network
(ISDN)
M.C. Juan Antonio Guerrero Ibáñez
What Is ISDN?
ISDN Benefits
• Carries a variety of user traffic, such as
digital video, data, and telephone network
services, using the normal phone circuit-
switched network
• Offers much faster call setup than
modems by using out-of-band signaling (D
channel)
– Often less than one second
• Provides a faster data transfer rate than
modems by using the 64-kbps bearer
channel (B channel)
– Can combine multiple B channels to bandwidth
of 128 kbps
• Can negotiate PPP links
ISDN Devices
• Terminal Adapter (TA) - Converter device that converts
standard electrical signals into the form used by ISDN -
allows non-ISDN devices to operate on an ISDN
network.
• Terminal Equipment Type 1 (TE1) - Compatible with the
ISDN network. Example:Telephones, personal
computers, fax machine or videoconferencing machine.
• Terminal Equipment Type 2 (TE2) - Not compatible with
the ISDN network. Example: Analog phone or modem,
requires a TA (TE2 connects to TA).
• Network termination type 1 & 2 (NT1 and NT2) - A
small connection box that physically connects the
customer site to the telco local loop, provides a four-
wire connection to the customer site and a two-wire
connection to the network (PRI – CSU/DSU).
ISDN Components and
Reference Points
ISDN Reference Points

• U - Two wire cable that connects the


customer’s equipment to the
telecommunications provider
• R - Point between non-ISDN
equipment (TE2) and the TA
• S - Four-wire cable from TE1 or TA
to the NT1 or NT2
• T - Point between NT1 and NT2
Analogies
• NT-1 (Network Terminator-1)
– An NT-1 is an interface box that converts
ISDN data into something a PC can understand
(and vice versa). It works a little like a cable
TV descrambler for ISDN signals, and is often
built into ISDN adapters.
• TA (Terminal Adapter)
– This chunk of hardware converts the data it
receives over ISDN to a form your computer
can understand. Sometimes mistakenly called
an ISDN modem or a digital modem, a terminal
adapter handles data digitally and does not
need to modulate or demodulate an analog
signal. Terminal adapters can be an internal
board or an external board that connects to
the computer through the serial port.
ISDN Components and
Reference Points #2
ISDN Reference Points
ISDN and the OSI
Reference Model

• The ISDN Physical Layer


• The ISDN Data Link Layer
• The ISDN Network Layer
ITU-T Standards of the
First Three Layers of ISDN
ISDN Protocols
• E-series protocols—Telephone
network standards for ISDN.
• I-series protocols—Specify ISDN
concepts and interfaces.
• Q-series protocols—Standards for
ISDN switching and signaling.
• Operate at the physical, data link,
and network layers of the OSI
reference model
ISDN Protocol Operating
OSI Layers 1 Through 3
• Physical layer ISDN protocols
– BRI (ITU-T I.430) / PRI (ITU-T I.431)
• Defines two ISDN physical layer frame formats
– Inbound (local exchange to ISDN customer)
– Outbound (ISDN customer to local exchange )

• Data link layer ISDN protocols


– LAPD signaling protocol (ITU-T Q.920 for BRI and Q.921 for PRI) for
transmitting control and signaling information over the D channel
• LAPD frame format similar to ISO HDLC frame format
• Network layer ISDN protocols
– ITU-T I.930 and ITU-T Q.931 defines switching and signaling methods
using the D channel.

Note: With Q.921/Q.931 the second digit indicates the OSI


layer.
ISDN Physical Layer

ISDN physical-layer frame formats are 48 bits long, of which 36


bits represent data
ISDN Data Link Layer

Frame format is very similar to that of HDLC


ISDN Network Layer
• Two Layer 3 specifications are used
for ISDN signaling:
– ITU-T I.450 (also known as ITU-T
Q.930)
– ITU-T I.451 (also known as ITU-T
Q.931)
– Together, these protocols support:
• User-to-user circuit-switched connections
• User-to-user packet-switched connections
• A variety of standards for:
– Call establishment
– Call termination
ISDN Encapsulation

• The two most common encapsulations:


– PPP
– HDLC
• ISDN defaults to HDLC.
• PPP is much more robust.
– Open standard specified by RFC 1661
– Supported by most vendors
ISDN Uses

• Remote Access (Telecommuters)


• Remote Nodes (Voice and Data)
• SOHO Connectivity (Small
Branches)
Remote Access
(Telecommuters)
Remote Nodes
(Voice and Data)
SOHO Connectivity
(Small Branches)
ISDN BRI
ISDN Services – BRI
• Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
– Two 64 Kbps B channels, one 16 Kbps D channel, and 48 Kbps worth of
framing and synchronization.
– Available data bandwidth: 128 Kbps (2 x 64 Kbps)
– User bandwidth: 144 Kbps (128 Kbps + a 16 Kbps D channel)
– Total line capacity: 192 Kbps (144 Kbps + 48 Kbps framing)
• Each B channel can be used for separate applications
– Such as Internet and Voice
• Allows individual B channels to be aggregated
together into a Multilink channel
ISDN Services – PRI
• Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
– A PRI connection can assign various 64 Kbps channels to both ISDN
and analog modem connections
– North America and Japan – PRI service has 23 64 Kbps B channels,
one 64 Kbps D channel, and 8 Kbps of synchronization and framing
for a total bit rate of up to 1.544 Mbps (same as T1)
– Europe, Australia, and other parts of the world – PRI service has
30 64 Kbps B channels, one 64 Kbps D channel, and 64 Kbps of
framing and synchronization for a total bit rate of up to 2.048
Mbps (same as E1)
• Each B channel to be used for separate applications
including voice, data and Internet
• Multiple B channels can be Multilinked together
ISDN BRI Configuration
Three Basic Steps
1. Set the ISDN Switch Type.
2. Set the SPIDs (If Required).
3. Set the Encapsulation Protocol.
ISDN Global and
Interface Configuration
Tasks

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