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Multiplexing and Demultiplexing

Multiplexing allows multiple analog or digital signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single medium. It involves combining these signals in the transmitter and separating them in the receiver. There are different types of multiplexing including frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and time division multiplexing (TDM). FDM divides the spectrum into different frequency channels, WDM uses different wavelengths of light, and TDM transmits data from different sources using time slots within a frame. Multiplexing improves bandwidth utilization and allows more than one signal to be transmitted over a single medium.

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631 views10 pages

Multiplexing and Demultiplexing

Multiplexing allows multiple analog or digital signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single medium. It involves combining these signals in the transmitter and separating them in the receiver. There are different types of multiplexing including frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and time division multiplexing (TDM). FDM divides the spectrum into different frequency channels, WDM uses different wavelengths of light, and TDM transmits data from different sources using time slots within a frame. Multiplexing improves bandwidth utilization and allows more than one signal to be transmitted over a single medium.

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MULTIPLEXING

MULTIPLEXING
 Multiplexing is a technique by which different analog and digital
streams of transmission can be simultaneously processed over a
shared link.
 On the other end , a De-multiplexer receives data from a single
medium, identifies each, and sends to different receiver.

Advantages of Multiplexing:
 More than one signals can be sent over single medium or link.
 Effective use of the bandwidth of medium.
TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING
FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
 When the carrier is frequency, FDM is used. FDM is an analog
technology.
 FDM divides the spectrum or carrier bandwidth in logical
channels and allocates one user to each channel.

 Each user can use the channel frequency independently and


has exclusive access of it.
 All channels are divided in such a way that they do not
overlap with each other.
FDM MULTIPLEXER AND DEMULTIPLEXER
• Each source generates signal of a similar frequency range.
• The demultiplexer uses a series of filters to decompose the
multiplexed signal into its constituent component signals.

APPLICATIONS OF FDM:
• FDM is used for FM , AM Radio and Television broadcasting.
• AM frequency=530-1700kHz
• FM frequency=88-108MHz
WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
• WDM is an analog multiplexing technique.
• Working is same as FDM
• In WDM, optical signals or light signals that are transmitted
through Optical fiber.
ADVANTAGES OF WDM
• Full duplex is possible.
• Easier to reconfigure.
DISADVANTAGES OF WDM
• Signals cant come very
close.
• Light Wave carrying WDM
are limited to two point
circuit
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
 Usually used with digital signals or analog signals carrying digital
data.
 Data from various sources are carried in repetitive frames.
 Each frame consists of a set of time slots.
 Each source is assigned one or more time slots per frame.
SYNCHRONOUS & ASYNCHRONOUS TDM
SYNCHRONOUS TDM
 When TDM is applied to synchronous networks, no gap occurs
between items; the result is known as Synchronous TDM.
 Time slots allocated even if
no data.
 May be at bit level of blocks.
ASYNCHRONOUS TDM
 One technique to increase
the overall data rate is
known as Asynchronous
TDM
 Instead of leaving a slot
unfilled that does not have
Asynchronous TDM
INTERLEAVING
 In Multiplexing taking a specific amount of data from each device
in a regular order is called Interleaving.
Character byte Interleaving:
• Multiplexing perform one or more character(s) or byte(s) at a time
(one byte per unit).
Bit Interleaving:
• Multiplexing perform on one bit at a time.(One bit per unit).
EMPTY SLOTS
• Synchronous TDM is not efficient in many cases.
• Statistical TDM can improve the efficiency by removing the
empty slot from the frame.

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