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Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation

This document discusses digital representation and binary numbers. It explains that computers use binary codes to represent letters, numbers, and characters as strings of bits. It then provides examples of converting decimal numbers to binary and calculating data storage sizes in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes. Finally, it includes self-check problems to convert decimals to binary and sample storage calculation problems.

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Rhodalyn Ordinario
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617 views12 pages

Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation

This document discusses digital representation and binary numbers. It explains that computers use binary codes to represent letters, numbers, and characters as strings of bits. It then provides examples of converting decimal numbers to binary and calculating data storage sizes in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes. Finally, it includes self-check problems to convert decimals to binary and sample storage calculation problems.

Uploaded by

Rhodalyn Ordinario
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CARRY OUT

MENSURATION
AND
CALCULATION
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Within a computer, information is
represented and stored in a digital binary
format. The term bit is an abbreviation of
binary digit and represents the smallest
piece of data. Humans interpret words
and pictures; computers interpret only
patterns of bits.
A bit can have only two possible values,
a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit
can be used to represent the state of
something that has two states. For
example, a light switch can be either On
or Off; in binary representation, these
states would correspond to 1 and 0,
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters,
numbers and special characters with bits. A commonly used code is
the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII).
With ASCII, each character is represented by a string of bits. For
example:
• Capital letter: A = 01000001
• Number: 9 = 00001001
• Special character: # = 00100011
Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and
numbers, is known as a byte. Codes can be used to represent almost
any type of information digitally: computer data, graphics, photos,
voice, video , and music.
CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY
•To convert a decimal number to binary, all
you have to do is divide the number by 2.
Get the quotient and the remainder. Bring
down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get
the quotient and remainder again. Do it
repeatedly until the quotient results to 0.
Copy the remainder from bottom to top,
and that is the binary equivalent.
Example: 25 Quotient Remainder
25/2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
25 = 11001
Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 results
16+8+1 = 25
CALCULATING DATA STORAGE
While a bit is the smallest representation of
data, the most basic unit of digital storage is
the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest
unit of measure (UOM) used to represent
data storage capacity.
•When referring to storage space, we use the
terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes
(MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically
1,024. A megabyte represents more than a million bytes or 1,048,576.
A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The
exact number is gained by taking 2^n power.
• In general, when something is represented digitally,
the greater the detail, the greater the number of bits
needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from
a digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-
resolution picture could use 2 MB or more.
• Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are
typically used to measure the size or storage capacity
of a device. Examples of components and devices that
use byte storage include: random access memory
(RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3
players.
CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB.
DVDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a
single-layer disc, and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc.
BDs have a storage capacity of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and
50 GB on a dual-layer disc.
Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to
determine the number of bytes being used. For example:
• A file is 20 KB in size
• 1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
• 20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
of space); then approximately a total of 51 files can be stored in
that folder (1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2)
SELF CHECK
Direction: Convert the decimal
numbers shown below to binary.
Perform checking to verify answers.
1) 19
2) 28
3) 37
OPERATION SHEET #1
Direction: Solve the problems indicated
below. Show your solution.
1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored
on a 2 MB folder in your hard drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be
stored on a 1 GB flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB avi files can be
stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?

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