Wiring Methods

Different Wiring System

 Cleat Wiring System
 Wooden Casing & Capping wiring
system
 Lead Sheathed or metal sheathed
wiring
 Conduit Wiring
 Cleat Wiring System
 This system of wiring
comprise of ordinary VIR or
PVC insulated wires
(occasionally, sheathed and
weather proof cable) braided
and compounded held on
walls or ceilings by means of
porcelain cleats, Plastic or
wood.
 Cleat wiring system is a
temporary wiring system
therefore it is not suitable
for domestic premises. The
use of cleat wiring system is
over nowadays.
 Advantages of Cleat Wiring
System
 It is simple and cheap wiring system
 Most suitable for temporary use i.e. under construction
building or army camping
 As the cables and wires of cleat wiring system is in open air,
Therefore fault in cables can be seen and repair easily.
 Cleat wiring system installation is easy and simple.
 Customization can be easily done in this wiring system e.g.
alteration and addition.
 Inspection is easy and simple.
 Disdvantages of Cleat Wiring
System
 Appearance is not so good.
 Cleat wiring can’t be use for permanent use because, Sag may be
occur after sometime of the usage.
 In this wiring system, the cables and wiring is in open air,
therefore, oil, Steam, humidity, smoke, rain, chemical and acidic
effect may damage the cables and wires.
 it is not lasting wire system because of the weather effect , risk of
fire and wear & tear.
 it can be only used on 250/440 Volts on low temperature.
 There is always a risk of fire and electric shock.
 it can’t be used in important and sensitive location and places.
 It is not lasting, reliable and sustainable wiring system.
 Casing and Capping wiring
 Casing and Capping wiring system
was famous wiring system in the
past but, it is considered obsolete
this days because of Conduit and
sheathed wiring system. The cables
used in this kind of wiring were
either VIR or PVC or any other
approved insulated cables.
 The cables were carried through
the wooden casing enclosures. The
casing is made up of a strip of
wood with parallel grooves cut
length wise so as to accommodate
VIR cables. The grooves were
made to separate opposite polarity.
the capping (also made of wood)
used to cover the wires and cables
installed and fitted in the casing.
Advantages
 It is cheap wiring system as compared to sheathed and
conduit wiring systems.
 It is strong and long-lasting wiring system.
 Customization can be easily done in this wiring system.
 If Phase and Neutral wire is installed in separate slots, then
repairing is easy.
 Stay for long time in the field due to strong insulation of
capping and casing..
 It stays safe from oil, Steam, smoke and rain.
 No risk of electric shock due to covered wires and cables in
casing & capping.
Disdvantages
 There is a high risk of fire in casing & capping wiring system.
 Not suitable in the acidic, alkalies and humidity conditions
 Costly repairing and need more material.
 Material can’t be found easily in the contemporary
 White ants may damage the casing & capping of wood.
 Lead Sheathed Wiring

 The type of wiring employs conductors that are insulated

with VIR and covered with an outer sheath of lead aluminum
alloy containing about 95% of lead. The metal sheath given
protection to cables from mechanical damage, moisture and
atmospheric corrosion.
 The whole lead covering is made electrically continuous and
is connected to earth at the point of entry to protect against
electrolytic action due to leaking current and to provide
safety in case the sheath becomes alive. The cables are run on
wooden batten and fixed by means of link clips just as in TRS
wiring.
 Conduit Wiring

 There are two additional types of conduit wiring

according to pipe installation
 Surface Conduit Wiring
 Concealed Conduit Wiring
 Surface Conduit Wiring:
If conduits installed on roof or wall, It is known as surface conduit
wiring. in this wiring method, they make holes on the surface of
wall on equal distances and conduit is installed then with the help
of rawal plugs.
 Concealed Conduit wiring:
If the conduits is hidden inside the wall slots with the help
of plastering, it is called concealed conduit wiring. In other words,
the electrical wiring system inside wall, roof or floor with the help
of plastic or metallic piping is called concealed conduit wiring.
obliviously, It is the most popular, beautiful, stronger and
common electrical wiring system nowadays.
•.
Explanation of conduit wiring
 In conduit wiring, steel tubes known as conduits are installed on the surface of
walls by means of pipe hooks (surface conduit wiring) or buried in walls under
plaster and VIR or PVC cables are afterwards drawn by means of a GI wire of
size if about 18SWG.
 In Conduit wiring system, The conduits should be electrically continuous and
connected to earth at some suitable points in case of steel conduit. Conduit
wiring is a professional way of wiring a building. Mostly PVC conduits are used
in domestic wiring.
 The conduit protects the cables from being damaged by rodents (when rodents
bites the cables it will cause short circuit) that is why circuit breakers are in
place though but hey! Prevention is better than cure. Lead conduits are used in
factories or when the building is prone to fire accident. Trunking is more of like
surface conduit wiring. It’s gaining popularity too.
 It is done by screwing a PVC trunking pipe to a wall then passing the cables
through the pipe. The cables in conduit should not be too tight. Space factor
have to be put into consideration
Types of Conduit

 Following conduits are used in the conduit wiring systems (both

concealed and surface conduit wiring) which are shown in the
above image.
Metallic Conduit
Non-metallic conduit
Metallic Conduit:
 Metallic conduits are made of steel which are very strong but
costly as well.
 There are two types of metallic conduits.
 Class A Conduit: Low gauge conduit (Thin layer steel sheet
conduit)
 Class B Conduit: High gauge conduit (Thick sheet of steel
conduit)
 Non-metallic Conduit:
A solid PVC conduit is used as non-metallic conduit now a
days, which is flexible and easy to bend.
 Size of Conduit:
The common conduit pipes are available in different sizes
genially, 13, 16.2, 18.75, 20, 25, 37, 50, and 63 mm
(diameter) or 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 inch in
diameter.
 Advantages of Conduit Wiring
Systems
 It is the safest wiring system (Concealed conduit wring)
 Appearance is very beautiful (in case of concealed conduit wiring)
 No risk of mechanical wear & tear and fire in case of metallic pipes.
 Customization can be easily done according to the future needs.
 Repairing and maintenance is easy.
 There is no risk of damage the cables insulation.
 it is safe from corrosion (in case of PVC conduit) and risk of fire.
 It can be used even in humidity , chemical effect and smoky areas.
 No risk of electric shock (In case of proper earthing and
grounding of metallic pipes).
 It is reliable and popular wiring system.
 sustainable and long-lasting wiring system.
 Disdvantages of Conduit
Wiring Systems
 It is expensive wiring system (Due to PVC and Metallic
pipes, Additional earthing for metallic pipes Tee(s) and
elbows etc.
 Very hard to find the defects in the wiring.
 installation is not easy and simple.
 Risk of Electric shock (In case of metallic pipes without
proper earthing system)
 Very complicated to manage additional connection in the
future.
Comparison between Different Wiring Systems