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Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system includes the internal organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina) and external genitals (vulva). The uterus provides nourishment and protection for a developing fetus during pregnancy. The ovaries contain egg-containing follicles present at birth. Common disorders include menstrual abnormalities, endometriosis, cancers of the breast and reproductive organs, sexually transmitted diseases, yeast infections.

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106 views28 pages

Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system includes the internal organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina) and external genitals (vulva). The uterus provides nourishment and protection for a developing fetus during pregnancy. The ovaries contain egg-containing follicles present at birth. Common disorders include menstrual abnormalities, endometriosis, cancers of the breast and reproductive organs, sexually transmitted diseases, yeast infections.

Uploaded by

jeica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
WHAT IS A REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Primary Sex
Organs
• Secondary Sex
Organs
• Sex Glands
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FUNCTION
• to perpetuate
the species
through sexual
or germ cell
fertilization and
reproduction
FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
UTERUS
•a hollow,
muscular, pear-
shaped organ
about the size
of a woman’s
clenched fist
UTERUS
•can be divided into
the body or corpus,
and the bottom
cervix
•Fundus - rounded top
portion, above the
fallopian tubes
UTERUS
3 Layers C
B
a. Perimetrium A

b. Myometrium
c.endometrium
UTERUS
•FUNCTIONS
1. The endometrium
sheds the lining of
the uterus every 21
to 40 days by
menstruation
UTERUS
•FUNCTIONS
2. It provides a place
for the protection
and nourishment of
the fetus during
pregnancy
UTERUS
•FUNCTIONS
3. It contracts
during labor to
expel the fetus
FALLOPIAN TUBE
• 4-6 inches long
• egg is moved
along inside the
tube by muscular
contractions
and the waving
action of cilia
FALLOPIAN TUBE
• takes an egg
about 3-4 days to
travel the
length of the
tube
• Fertilization of
the egg occurs
here
Tube widens to form the End of tube is
ampulla (am pyu lah) called the
infundibulum
The isthmus is (in fun DIB yū lum)
the portion that
connects to
uterus
Fimbria (fihm bree ah) are Opening
the finger-like projections is called
around the opening that the
trap the egg as it leaves the ostium
ovary (ah stē um)
OVARIES
• attached to each
side of the
uterus by a
ligament
• oval-shaped,
about the size of
a large olive
OVARIES
•filled, already
at birth, with
egg-containing
sacs called
follicles
Each egg is called
an ovum.
VAGINA
• extends from the
cervix to the
outside of the
body
• 3 ½ inch long
muscular tube
that expands in
length and width
during sexual
arousal
VAGINA
•female organ
for copulation
•a passageway
for
menstruation
or the birth of
a fetus
VULVA
•5 organs
making up the
external
genitalia of the
female
VULVA
• Mons pubis: triangular-
shaped pad of fatty tissue
over the pubis bone,
covered with pubic hair
• Labia majora: 2 large
folds of adipose tissue on
the sides of the vaginal
opening
• Labia minora: 2 smaller
folds of adipose tissue on
the inside of the labia
majora
VULVA
• Vestibule: area
between labia with
openings for the
vagina, urethra, and
two excretory ducts
for Bartholin’s glands
(provide lubricant)
• Clitoris: sensitive
fold of tissue partially
covered by hood
VULVA
• Perineum: the area
located between the
vaginal opening and
the anus
• Episiotomy: a surgical
incision done to avoid
uncontrolled tearing Perineum
of the perineum
BREAST
•are the mammary
glands
•each has 15-20
glandular lobes
separated by
connective tissue
DISORDERS
MENSTRUAL ABNORMALITIES
• Amenorrhea = absence of menstruation
• Caused by hormone imbalance, extreme weight loss or
low body fat as with rigorous athletic training
• Dysmenorrhea = pain associated with menstruation
• Severe enough to prevent normal functioning
• Caused by uterine tumors, ovarian cysts, endometriosis or
intrauterine devices
• Abnormal uterine bleeding = excessive amount or
duration of menstrual bleeding
• Caused by fibroid tumors or hormonal imbalance
DISORDERS
ENDOMETRIOSIS
• Growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
• tissue discharged from open-end of uterine tubes during
menstruation
• can cover ovaries, outer surface of uterus, colon,
kidneys and bladder
• Problem is tissue responds to hormonal changes by
proliferating then breaking down & bleeding
• causes pain, scarring & infertility
DISORDERS
CANCER
• BREAST CANCER
• Second-leading cause of cancer death in the U.S.
• 1 in 8 women affected
• OVARIAN CANCER
• Most common cause of gynecological deaths
excluding breast cancer
• CERVICAL CANCER
• Starts as cervical dysplasia (change in shape,
growth & number of cells)
DISORDERS
Sexually Transmitted Disease
• Chlamydia -- bacteria; asymptomatic, leads to sterility
from scar tissue formation
• Gonorrhea -- bacteria, discharge common, blindness if
newborn is infected during delivery
• Syphilis -- bacteria, painless sores (chancre), 2nd stage
all organs involved, 3rd stage organ degeneration is
apparent (neurosyphilis)
• Genital Herpes -- virus, incurable, painful blisters
• AIDS & hepatitis B -- viruses
DISORDERS
Yeast Infection
• Candida albicans is yeastlike fungus that
grows on mucous membranes
• Causes vulvovaginal candidiasis or vaginitis
• inflammation of the vagina
• severe itching and pain
• yellow discharge with odor
• More likely after antibiotic therapy for some
other disease

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