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Measure of Symmetry

This document discusses different types of distributions including symmetric, skewed, mesokurtic, leptokurtic, and platykurtic distributions. It provides characteristics to define each type of distribution such as whether the mean, median and mode are equal, and how dispersed the data is around the center. Formulas are given for measuring skewness and kurtosis to quantify the degree of skewness and peakedness of a distribution.

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Roland Acejo
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316 views17 pages

Measure of Symmetry

This document discusses different types of distributions including symmetric, skewed, mesokurtic, leptokurtic, and platykurtic distributions. It provides characteristics to define each type of distribution such as whether the mean, median and mode are equal, and how dispersed the data is around the center. Formulas are given for measuring skewness and kurtosis to quantify the degree of skewness and peakedness of a distribution.

Uploaded by

Roland Acejo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 describes the degree to which the data

deviates from symmetry.


 when the distribution of the data is not
symmetrical, it is said to be asymmetrical or
skewed.
 the more the mean departs from the mode,
the greater the skewness
 frequency curve maybe either skewed to the
left or skewed to the right
Symmetric Distribution
 distribution of data in which the right half is a
mirror image of the left half.
 when the distribution has no skewness.
 when the mean, median and mode are equal and
all are at the center of the distribution.

Mean
Median
Mode
Mesokurtic distribution
 between the two types of distributions
discussed earlier, another type of
distribution that is more “normal” in shape.

Mesokurtic distribution
 when the mean is greater than the mode,
the distribution is said to be positively
skewed or skewed to the right.

mode mean
median
 when the mode is greater than the
mean, the distribution is said to be
negatively skewed or skewed to the left.

mean mode
median
Characteristic:
 when the distribution is symmetrical, the mean,
median and the mode are all equal.
 a positive value - observations are clustered more
to the left of the mean with most of the extreme
values to the right of the mean.
 a negative skewness - clustering to the right.
Measuring Skewness:
1. Pearsonian Measure of Skewness
2. Measures of Skewness based on quartiles and
percentiles
1. Pearsonian Measure of Skewness:

Skewness 
 x  Mode 
s

3  x  Median 
Skewness 
s
Given:
x  104.92 vacancies  Since the value is
Md  106.75 vacancies negative, the
skewness of the
s  42.16 vacancies distribution is to the
3  x  median  left.
Skewness 
s  This is considered as
slightly skewed to
3 104.92  106.75 the left since the
Skewness 
42.16 measure does not
5.49 depart substantially
 form 0.
42.16
 0.13
2. Measure of Skewness based on
quartiles and percentiles:

 Q3  Median    Median  Q1    Q1  Q3   2Median


Q3  Q1 Q3  Q1

 P90  Median    Median  P10    P10  P90   2Median


P90  P10 P90  P10
 tool that describes the peakedness of the
distribution whether humpbacked, slender
and narrow, or broad.
 measure of peakedness or flatness of a
distribution.
 measured by making use of the fourth
moment around the mean expressed in terms
of the fourth power of the standard deviation

Formula of the kurtosis:


n

 x  x 
4
i
4  i 1
3
 n  1 s 4
Leptokurtic distribution
 when the values are concentrated in the
area around the mode, the distribution
has a peaked curve.

Leptokurtic distribution
Platykurtic distribution

 when the values are decentralized from


the mode to both tails of the frequency
curve, the distribution has a flat curve

Platykurtic distribution
Mesokurtic distribution
 between the two types of distributions
discussed earlier, another type of
distribution that is more “normal” in shape.

Mesokurtic distribution
Characteristic:
 +3 - mesokurtic distribution or standard
normal.
 >3 - leptokurtic distribution.
 <3 - platykurtic distribution.
 Kurtosis is less than or equal to the sample
size, that is, 4≤n.
 Kurtosis minus the squared of skewness is
greater than or equal to 1, that is,
4-Skewness2 ≤1.

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