MATHEMATICS 10

FUNDAMENTAL
COUNTING
PRINCIPLE
4th QUARTER
 THE FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLE
If one thing can be done independently in n
different ways, and if a second thing can be
done independently in m different ways and
the third thing can be done independently
in o different ways, then, the total number
of ways in which all the things maybe done
in the stated order is the product of m, n,
and o.
Two events, A and B are independent
events when the occurrence of event A
does not affect the occurrence of
event B.
Two events A and B are dependent
events when the occurrence of event A
affects the occurrence of event B.
 Let's say that you want to
flip a coin and roll a die.
The famous dancing baby
prepared 5 different steps in
a dance number. In how
many ways he can present
them?
 A restaurant has a lunch special which
consists of a sandwich, soup, dessert and
drink for P200.00. They offer the following
choices:
Sandwich: chicken salad, ham, tuna, and
roast beef
Soup: tomato, chicken noodle, vegetable
Dessert: cookie and pie
Drink: tea, coffee, coke, diet coke and sprite
How many lunch specials are there?
 The 5 finalists of 2018 Miss
Universe beauty pageant are
posing for a picture. If you
are the photographer, i n how
many ways can you arrange
them if they are to stand in
one row?
 You are taking a test that has
five True/False questions. If you
answer each question with True
or False and leave none of them
blank, in how many ways can
you answer the whole test?
Six students in a speech class
all have to give there speech on
the same day. One of the
students insists on being first. If
this student’s request is
granted, how many different
ways are there to schedule the
speeches?
 If ice cream sundaes come in 5
flavors with 4 possible toppings,
how many different sundaes can
be made with one flavor of ice
cream and one topping?
At planting season, a farmer has the
option of planting rice, corn or
sugarcane: of using urea, guano, horse
manure, or compost for fertilizer; and of
using homemade herbal extract T or A
for pesticide. In how many ways can he
plant his crop if he has the option to
plant one crop and use one fertilizer
and one pesticide only?
Five friends Jose, Carlos, Clara,
Ted, Flor and Mary took a
jeepney ride in going home from
school. There were exactly six
empty seats in the vehicle. In
how many ways can they seat
themselves?
If you want to draw 2
cards from a standard
deck of 52 cards
without replacing them
A phone number is a seven
digit number assigned by the
phone company. How many
different seven digit phone
numbers can be assigned?
Say that you have 42 friends on
Facebook. Any time you access your
profile, 6 of your friends will appear
in a box below your picture. Each
time these friends are randomly
generated out of your 42 friends.
How many different arrangements of
6 people can show up?
 You flip a coin five
times. How many
outcomes are
possible?
 Dairy Queen offers two types of
cones, twelve flavors of ice
cream, and six different
toppings. What is the greatest
number of ice cream
combinations you could order
with one type of cone, one
flavor, and one topping?
 Jocelyn has fifteen
headbands and twenty
three bows. How many
combinations of one
headband and one bow
can she make?
A special plate number is made up of
three letters of the English alphabet
followed by two digit numbers. How
many plate numbers are possible if:
a. The letters and digits can be
repeated in the same plate number.
b. The letters and digits cannot be
repeated in the same plate number.
Five cards are drawn from the
standard deck of cards. Three are
black and two are red.
a. How many possibilities are
there?
b. If exactly one of the red cards is
a face card. How many
possibilities are there?
Challenge
1. Six coins are tossed. How many outcomes are possible?
2. Three dice are rolled. How many outcomes are possible?
3. How many five-digit numbers can be formed for the set {0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} if zero cannot be the first digit and the
given condition for each is to be satisfied?
a. Repititions are allowed and the number must be even
b. Repititions are allowed and the number must be divisible by
5.
4. The letters h, o, n, e, s, and t are to be used to form 6-letters
passwords. How many passwords can be formed if letters can
be used more than once in any of the password?
PRACTICE EXERCISE
■ How many ordered pairs of letters
are there that use only the letters
A, B, C, D, and E?
■Answer: 5●4●3●2●1 = 120
PRACTICE EXERCISE
■ How many different sequences of
heads or tails are possible if a coin
is flipped 8 times?
Answer: 2●2●2●2●2●2●2●2
=256
PRACTICE EXERCISE
■ A model is selecting her outfits
purchased 5 blouses, 4 skirts and 3
blazers. How many different new
outfits consisting of a blouse, a skirt
and a blazer can she create from her
new collection?
■Answer: 5●4●3●=60
PRACTICE EXERCISE
■ Five different mathematics books
and six different grammar books are
to be arranged on a shelf. How many
possible arrangements can be made
if
■a. the books on the same subjects are
to be arranged together?
■Answer: 5!●6!●2!=172,800
PRACTICE EXERCISE
■ Five different mathematics books
and six different grammar books are
to be arranged on a shelf. How many
possible arrangements can be made
if
■b. the books are to be arranged
alternately?
■Answer: 5!●6!=86, 400
PRACTICE EXERCISE
■ From the word “ALERT,” determine
how many letter arrangements
are possible given the following
conditions:
■a. All 5 letters are used without
restrictions
■Answer: 5x5x5x5x5 = 3, 125
PRACTICE EXERCISE
■ From the word “ALERT,” determine
how many letter arrangements
are possible given the following
conditions:
■all vowels and consonants are
together
■Answer: 2! X 3! X 2! = 24
1.The ten runners join a race. In how many possible ways can
they be arranged as first, second, a third placers?
2.If Jun has 12 T-shirts, 6 pairs of pants, and 3 pairs of shoes,
how many possibilities can he dress himself up for the day?
3.In how many ways can Aling Rosa arrange 6 potted plants in a
row?
4.How any four-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers 1,
3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?
5.If there are 3 roads from Town A to Town B and 4 roads from
Town B to Town C, in how many ways can one go from Town A to
Town C and back to Town A through B, without passing through
the same road twice?
6.Suppose the in a certain association, there are 12 elected members
of the Board of Directors. In how many ways can a president, a vice
president, a secretary, and a treasurer be selected form the board?
7.In how many ways can you place 9 different books on a shelf if there is
enough for only 5 books?
8.You want to order your lunch from the school canteen, which offers
students meals consisting of 1 cup of rice, 1 meat dish, and 1 vegetable
dish. How many choices do you have meal if there are 3 choices of meat
dishes and 2 choices of vegetable dishes?
9.In how many ways can 5 people arrange themselves in a row for
picture taking?
10.A dress-shop owner has 8 new dresses that she wants to display in
the window. If the display window has 5 mannequins, in how many ways
can she dress them up?