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Lec0912 Databases

This document provides an overview of database programming in Java using MySQL. It introduces relational database concepts like tables, primary keys, and foreign keys. It explains how to perform common CRUD operations like INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE using SQL and maps each operation to the corresponding SQL statement. It also demonstrates how to retrieve and manipulate data across multiple tables using JOINs. Finally, it outlines the basic steps for performing queries with JDBC in Java applications and cautions about potential race conditions when updating data.

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Akang Aprian Tea
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114 views17 pages

Lec0912 Databases

This document provides an overview of database programming in Java using MySQL. It introduces relational database concepts like tables, primary keys, and foreign keys. It explains how to perform common CRUD operations like INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE using SQL and maps each operation to the corresponding SQL statement. It also demonstrates how to retrieve and manipulate data across multiple tables using JOINs. Finally, it outlines the basic steps for performing queries with JDBC in Java applications and cautions about potential race conditions when updating data.

Uploaded by

Akang Aprian Tea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Database Programming in Java

http://flic.kr/p/ar4nLn
What are you going
to learn about today?
• MySQL database
programming
• Relational DB model
• How to write SQL queries

http://flic.kr/p/8JpkTg
Database (DB): Organized collection of data

Database Management System (DBMS):


Controls the creation, maintenance, and

http://flic.kr/p/ar4nLn
use of a DB
Why use a DBMS?

• Data independence: Applications need not be


concerned with how data is stored or accessed
• Provides a lot of functionality that would be silly to
implement yourself:
– Sharing (network)
– Customizable security
– Integrity
Two key aspects of a DBMS

• Database model: How DB is structured and used


– Examples: Relational, Object-Oriented, Hierarchical
• Query language: Types of questions you can ask
– Examples: SQL, XQuery

Relational + SQL is most common,


so we’ll use MySQL
DB Tools

• DB client tools
– Example: MySQL Workbench
• Code using DB library
– Lib example: Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
Relational Model Concepts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Relational_model_concepts.png
Example Tables
Authors
AuthorID FirstName LastName YearBorn
1 Ayn Rand 1905
2 Peter Benchley 1940

Publishers AuthorISBN
PublisherID PublisherName ISBN AuthorID
1 Bobbs Merrill 0452273331 1
2 Random House 0452011876 1
1400064562 2
Titles
ISBN Title EditionNumber YearPublished Description PublisherID
0452273331 The Fountainhead 1 1943 … 1
0452011876 Atlas Shrugged 1 1957 … 2
1400064562 Jaws 1 1973 … 2
Primary versus Foreign Keys

• Primary key: Uniquely identifies each record in table


Authors
AuthorID FirstName LastName YearBorn
1 Ayn Rand 1905
… … … …

• Foreign key: Field in table A such that the field is a


primary key in one other table B
AuthorISBN
ISBN AuthorID
0452273331 1
… …
CRUD-to-SQL Mapping

CRUD Operation SQL Statement


Create INSERT
Read (Retrieve) SELECT
Update (Modify) UPDATE
Delete (Destroy) DELETE

For complete documentation, see:


http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/sql-syntax-data-
manipulation.html
Tip: Don’t create/remove tables on the fly

• Only perform CRUD operations on rows


– Example: 1 table per book—bad!
• Set up the tables before you deploy
Example SELECT Queries—Let’s try them!
• SELECT * FROM Authors

• SELECT AuthorID, LastName FROM Authors

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE YearBorn > 1910

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE LastName LIKE ‘r%’

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE LastName LIKE ‘_e%’

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE LastName REGEXP ‘[a-r]*’

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE LastName REGEXP ‘[a-r]*’


ORDER BY LastName ASC

For complete documentation, see


http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/select.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/pattern-matching.html
Use JOIN to merge data from multiple tables
• SELECT FirstName, LastName, ISBN
FROM Authors INNER JOIN AuthorISBN
ON Authors.AuthorID = AuthorISBN.AuthorID
ORDER BY LastName, FirstName

• SELECT Titles.Title, Authors.LastName,


Publishers.PublisherName
FROM (Publishers INNER JOIN Titles
ON Publishers.PublisherID =
Titles.PublisherID)
INNER JOIN (Authors INNER JOIN AuthorISBN
ON Authors.AuthorID = AuthorISBN.AuthorID)
ON Titles.ISBN = AuthorISBN.ISBN

For complete documentation, see


http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/join.html
Basic steps for performing query with JDBC

1. Load driver class (only needs to be done once)


2. Connect to DB
3. Create/initialize statement
4. Execute statement (returns ResultSet)
5. Process ResultSet
6. Close connection (closes statement and ResultsSet)

For more complete documentation, see:


http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/
Let’s take a tour of
a web app that uses JDBC
What could go wrong with this code?
(Hint: Recall last lecture)
// Add 1 to each player’s Score
Statement qst = con.createStatement();
rs = qst.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Players");

Score while (rs.next()) {


could int playerID = rs.getInt("PlayerID");
change int score = rs.getInt("Score");
Statement ust = con.createStatement();
ust.executeUpdate("UPDATE Players SET Score = '" +
(score+1) +
"' WHERE PlayerID = '" + playerID + "'");
}

TOCTOU race condition!


To avoid races, see transactions and/or table locks:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/sql-syntax-transactions.html
Summary

• Relational DBs
• CRUD to SQL mapping
– JOIN operation
• JDBC programming
• Watch out for race
conditions!

http://flic.kr/p/YSY3X

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