Presentasi Penjelasan 1

The Nervous System
Organs and Divisions

of the Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS)—brain and
spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)—all nerves
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Made up of brain and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
spinal cord • Made up of all the nerves
that carry messages to and
• Acts as body’s control from the central nervous
center, coordinates system.
body’s activities – Similar to telephone wires that
– Impulses travel connect all of our houses in the
community
through the neurons in
your body to reach the • Central Nervous System and
brain Peripheral Nervous System
work together to make rapid
• Central Nervous changes in your body in
System is yellow in response to stimuli.
this diagram. • Peripheral Nervous System
is green in this diagram.
BRAIN
Three main sections
THE CEREBRUM
• Cerebrum
• Controls conscious
– 2 hemispheres
– Controls memory,
activities, intelligence,
intelligence, memory, language,
muscles muscles.
• Cerebellum • Wrinkled with
– Controls balance, countless folds and
posture and grooves and covered
coordination
with an outer layer of
• Brainstem gray matter called the
– Controls
involuntary
cerebral cortex.
activities such as • Divided into 4 lobes
breathing
THE BRAIN STEAM
THE CEREBELLUM • Made up of the medulla
• Muscle coordination is oblongata, pons and
developed here as well midbrain.
as the memory of – Medulla oblongata
physical skills. controls involuntary
• If the cerebellum is activities such as heart
rate and breathing
injured, your
movements become – Pons and midbrain act
as pathways connecting
jerky.
various part of the brain
• When you see an with each other.
amazing athlete • Sometimes called the
perform, you are reptilian brain, because it
watching a well-trained resembles the entire brain
cerebellum at work. of a reptile.
THE SPINAL CORD
• The spinal cord has 31
segments: 8 cervical
segments that correspond to
the C1-C8 vertebrae; 12
thoracic segments
corresponding to the T1-T12
vertebrae; 5 lumbar
segments corresponding to
L1-L5 vertebrae, 5 sacral
segments corresponding to
S1-S5 vertebrae, and 1
coccygeal
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
A colorless fluid is produced in the
ventricles of the brain; it surrounds the
brain and spinal cord. It is called
cerebrospinal fluid, and it cushions the
brain and cord from shocks that could
cause injury. It is maintained at a level
around 1/2 - 2/3 cup.
Neurons
NEURONS
• The basic unit of structure and function in
the nervous system
• Cells that conduct impulses.
– Made up of dendrites, cell body and an axon
PERIPHERAL NERVEOUS SYSTEM
I. The olfactory nerve carries
The network of nerves sensory input for smell
branching out throughout
.II The optic nerve carries sensory
the body from the brain and input for vision
spinal cord is called the III. The oculomotor nerve controls
peripheral nervous system. muscles of the eye and
eyelid
In addition to the 31 pairs of IV. The trochlear nerve (TRŎK lee
spinal nerves mentioned in ur) controls the eyeball
the slides on the spinal cord, V. The trigeminal nerve (try JEM ǐ
nul) controls the face, nose,
there are 12 pairs of cranial mouth, forehead, top of
nerves that attach to the head, and jaw.
brain: VI. The abducens nerve (ab
DŪ senz) also controls the
eyeball
input for hearing and
equilibrium.
IX. The glossopharyngeal
X. The vagus (VĀ gus) (gloss oh fair INJ ee al)
nerve is the longest nerve controls saliva,
cranial nerve, swallowing, and taste.
extending to and
controlling the heart,
lungs, stomach, and
intestines.
VII. The facial nerve
controls muscles
XI. The accessory nerve
of the face and
permits movement of scalp, and part of
the head and the tongue for
shoulders. sense of taste.
VIII. The auditory or
XII. The hypoglassal nerve cochlear nerve
(hī pah GLOSS ul) provides sensory
controls the muscles of
the tongue.
AUTONOMIC NERVEOUS SYSTEM
The autonomic nervous system is a
part of the peripheral nervous system..
it controls the involuntary bodily
functions such as sweating, gland
secretions, blood pressure, and the
heart. It is divided into the
‘sympathetic’ and ‘parasympathetic’
divisions.

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The Nervous System

Organs and Divisions

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