Fire Safety

FIRE SAFETY
PREPARED BY: ENGR. AZEL BUMAGAT

Presentation Objective
To acquire basic knowledge on the nature and behavior of fire.
To be familiar with the proper response procedures during fire emergencies.
To increase awareness on fire safety and be more prepared in case of a fire incident.
Course Outline
The Components of Fire
◦ The Fire Triangle
◦ The Tetrahedron of Fire
Classification of Fire
Basic Fire Fighting
◦ Types of Fire Extinguishers
◦ Anatomy of a Fire Extinguisher
◦ How to use the Fire Extinguisher
◦ Basic Fire Safety Features of the Building
Fire Emergency Procedure
◦ Emergency Evacuation Plan
Fire Safety Tips
Fire Drill Exercise
Components of Fire
The Fire Triangle
Oxygen Sources Heat Sources
Approximately 16% Required
To Reach Ignition Temperature
Normal air contains 21% O2. Open Flames - The Sun
Some fuel materials contain Hot Surfaces
sufficient oxygen within their Sparks and Arcs
makeup to support burning. Friction - Chemical Action
Electrical Energy
Compression of Gases
SOLID LIQUID GAS

Bulky - Dust Gasoline Kerosene Natural Gas
Finely Divided Coal Turpentine Alcohol Propane
Wood Paper Liver Oil Paint Butane Hydrogen
Cloth Plastic Varnish Lacquer Acetylene
Grain Others Olive Oil Others Carbon Monoxide
Components of Fire
The Tetrahedron of Fire
A fourth component – the uninhibited chain
reaction – has been added to explain fire. This
chain reaction is the feedback of heat to the fuel
to produce the gaseous fuel used in the flame. In
other words, the chain reaction provides the
heat necessary to maintain the fire
Classification of Fire
Fire is classified according to the Fuel it consumes.
Class A
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber and
some plastics.
Class B
Flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint thinners and
propane.
Class C
Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches, panel boxes and power
tools.
Class D
Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium. They
may react violently with water or other chemicals, and must be handled with care.
Class K
Fires involving combustible cooking fluids such as oils and fats.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Hexafluoropropane HFC-236fa (FE-36)- Clean Agent
• an environmentally preferred alternative to

Halon with zero-Ozone Depleting Potential
(ODP);
• Montreal Protocol & RA 8749 (aka The
Philippine Clean Air Act) compliant
• Recommended for A, B and C Types of fire
Dry Chemical
• Today’s most widely used type of fire

extinguisher is the multipurpose dry
chemical that is effective on Class A, B
and C fires. This agent also works by
creating a barrier between the oxygen
element and the fuel element on Class A
fires.
CO2 ( Carbon Dioxide) Fire Extinguisher
• The CO2 Extinguisher Cannisters contain carbon dioxide in liquid form, and
when the extinguisher is let off the liquid is released into the air neutralising
the oxygen that the fire is feeding on, disabling the fires ability to spread.
This is an effective way to put out fires and also prevent fire from reoccurring
because of the lack of oxygen and the ice cold temperature of the CO2 when
released from the extinguisher.
• Being harmless to electrical equipment these extinguishers are ideal for
offices ,workshops or any premises that uses electrical equipment.
Water Type/ Aquaeuos Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
• This type of fire extinguisher puts out the fire by taking away the
heat element of the fire triangle. Foam agents separate the
oxygen element from the other elements
• Water extinguishers are for Class A fires only – although they can
sometimes be used on Class B fires. The discharge stream could
spread the flammable liquid in a Class B fire if the mixture of the
fire agent is inaccurate, or could create a shock hazard on a Class
C fire.
Dry Powder
Dry Powder extinguishers are similar to dry chemical

except that they extinguish the fire by separating the
fuel from the oxygen element or by removing the heat
element of the fire triangle.
However, dry powder extinguishers are for Class D or

combustible metal fires only. They are ineffective on all
other classes of fires.
Wet Chemical
Wet Chemical is a new agent that extinguishes the fire by removing the
heat of the fire triangle and prevents re-ignition by creating a barrier
between the oxygen and fuel elements.
Wet Chemical or Class K extinguishers were developed for modern, high

efficiency deep fat fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some may
be used on Class A fire in commercial kitchens.
Anatomy of Fire Extinguisher
How to Use the Fire Extinguisher
Basic Fire Safety Features of the Building
Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS)
Fire Pump & Jockey Pump
Fire Water Tank (50,000 Gallons)
Sprinkler System
Smoke Detector
Manual Pull Stations
Fire Hose Cabinets w/ 200 Ft Hose Length
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Fire Exits
Wet Standpipes
Dry Standpipes
Emergency Back-up Generators (100% Back-up)
Fire Emergency Procedure
In Case of Fire,
• Do not use the Elevators.
• Assist customers and tenants on exiting the building.
• Leave the building by means of nearest available exit
• Notify other persons on your way out.
• Never go back to the burning building.
• Proceed to the designated evacuation area.
• DO NOT PANIC, REMAIN CALM, THINK AND ACT!
Evacuation Plan
Level 1
Evacuation Plan
Level 2
Evacuation Plan
Level 3
Fire Safety Tips
1. Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe work practices.
2. Unplug all electrical equipment when not in operation, unless

necessary.
3. Maintain proper housekeeping.
4. Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked, lighted and free

from any obstruction.
Fire Safety Tips
5. Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire extinguishers and other fire
fighting equipment.
6. Enforce “No Smoking” policy anywhere. Use the designated

Smoking Area of the Mall.
7. Avoid overloading of electrical outlets.

Fire Safety Tips
8. Do not store large volume of combustible materials
such as paints, fuels and other flammable substances.
9. Attend Fire Safety Seminars and Drills
10.Regularly conduct emergency drills (internal)
Fire Drill Exercise
is an exercise or practice that teach the people on how to leave the building safely.
∞PURPOSE OF FIRE DRILL:
1. Ensure the efficient and safe of exits
2. Help prevent panic
3. Occupants participating in a drill learns to:
a. locate the fire exits of the building
b. leave the building/house in a smooth, safely, orderly and
disciplined manner
c. recognize or familiarize the actual sound of the fire alarm
system
d. assemble at the designated evacuation area
End of Presentation
Thank you

Fire Safety

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FIRE SAFETY

PREPARED BY: ENGR. AZEL BUMAGAT

SOLID LIQUID GAS

• an environmentally preferred alternative to

• Today’s most widely used type of fire

Dry Powder extinguishers are similar to dry chemical

However, dry powder extinguishers are for Class D or

Wet Chemical or Class K extinguishers were developed for modern, high

2. Unplug all electrical equipment when not in operation, unless

3. Maintain proper housekeeping.

4. Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked, lighted and free

6. Enforce “No Smoking” policy anywhere. Use the designated

7. Avoid overloading of electrical outlets.

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