LESSON II

Maestro Mathematics 10 1
 Arithmetic
Sequences
and Series
Maestro Mathematics 10 2
 Sequences Series

List with commas “Indicated sum”

3, 8, 13, 18 3 + 8 + 13 + 18

Maestro Mathematics 10 3
Maestro Mathematics 10 4
 An Arithmetic Sequence is
defined as a sequence in
which there is a common
difference between
consecutive terms.

Maestro Mathematics 10 5
 Which of the following sequences are
arithmetic? Identify the common
difference.
3,  1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . . YES d 2
15.5, 14, 12.5, 11, 9.5, 8, . . . YES d  1.5
84, 80, 74, 66, 56, 44, . . . NO
8, 6,  4, 2, 0, . . . NO
50,  44,  38,  32,  26, . . . YES d  6
Maestro Mathematics 10 6
26,  21,  16,  11,  6, . . .
Maestro Mathematics 10 7
 The general form of an ARITHMETIC sequence.

First Term: a1
Second Term: a2  a1  d
Third Term: a3  a1  2d
Fourth Term: a4  a1  3d
Fifth Term: a5  a1  4d

nth Term: an  a1   n 1 d

Maestro Mathematics 10 8
 Formula for the nth term of an ARITHMETIC
sequence.

an  a1   n 1 d
an  The nth term

a1  The 1st term

n  The term number

d  The common difference

Maestro Mathematics 10 9
 Given: 79, 75, 71, 67, 63, . . .
Find: a32
IDENTIFY SOLVE
a1  79 an  a1   n  1 d
d  4 a32  79   32  1 4 
n  32 a32  45

Maestro Mathematics 10 10
 Given: 79, 75, 71, 67, 63, . . .
Find: What term number is -169?
IDENTIFY SOLVE
a1  79 an  a1   n  1 d
d  4 169  79   n  1 4 
an  169 n  63

Maestro Mathematics 10 11
 a10  3.25
Given: Find: a1
a12  4.25
What’s the real question? The Difference

IDENTIFY SOLVE
a1  3.25 an  a1   n  1 d
a3  4.25 4.25  3.25   3  1 d
n3 d  0.5

Maestro Mathematics 10 12
 a10  3.25
Given: Find: a1
a12  4.25

IDENTIFY SOLVE
a10  3.25 an  a1   n  1 d
d  0.5 3.25  a1  10  1 0.5
n  10 a1  1.25

Maestro Mathematics 10 13
 Prepared by:
MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON
[email protected]
0905-369-7862
Maestro Mathematics 10 14
Maestro Mathematics 10 15
50

  73  2 p   71 69  67  . . .   25   27

p 1

Maestro Mathematics 10 16
71  69  67  . . .   25   27 

 27   25  . . .  67  69  71
44  44  44  . . .  44  44  44
50 Terms

50  71   27  
 71 + (-27) Each sum
2 is the same.
 1100
Maestro Mathematics 10 17
a1   a1  d    a1  2d   . . .   a1   n  1 d 
 a   n 1 d   . . .   a
1 1  2d    a1  d   a1

 a  a   n 1 d     a  a   n 1 d    . . .   a  a   n 1 d  

1 1 1 1 1 1

 S  Sum
n  a1  an 
s 
2
n  Number of Terms




a1  First Term
Maestro  10 an  Last Term
Mathematics 18
 Find the sum of the terms of this
arithmetic series. 35
n  a1  an 

k 1
 29  3k 
S
2

n  35 35  26  76 
S
a1  26 2
S  875
a35  76
Maestro Mathematics 10 19
Find the sum of the terms of this arithmetic
series. 151  147  143  139  . . .   5
What term is -5?
n  a1  an  an  a1   n  1 d
S
2 5  151   n  1 4 
n  40
n  40 40 151  5
S
a1  151 2
S  2920
a40  5
Maestro Mathematics 10 20
 Substitute an  a1   n 1 d

n  a1  an 
S
2
n  a1  a1   n  1 d  n  # of Terms
S

 a1  1st Term
2
n  2a1   n  1 d   d  Difference
S 
Maestro
2 Mathematics 10 21
 36
Find the sum of this series   2.25  0.75 j 
j 0

 2.25  3  3.73  4.5  . . .

n  2a1   n  1 d 
S
2

n  37 37  2  2.25   37  1 0.75  

S
a1  2.25 2
d  0.75 S  582.75
Maestro Mathematics 10 22
 35

  45  5i 
i 1
n  a1  an  n  2a1   n  1 d 
S S
2 2
n  35 a1  40 an  130 n  35 a1  40 d  5

35  40  130  35  2  40    35  1 3

S S
2 2
S  1575 S  1575

Maestro Mathematics 10 23
An introduction…………

1, 4, 7, 10, 13 35 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 62
9, 1,  7,  15 12 9,  3, 1,  1/ 3 20 / 3
6.2, 6.6, 7, 7.4 27.2 1, 1/ 4, 1/16, 1/ 64 85 / 64
,   3,   6 3  9 , 2.5, 6.25 9.75
Arithmetic Sequences Geometric Sequences
ADD MULTIPLY
To get next term To get next term

Arithmetic Series Geometric Series

Sum of Terms Sum of Terms

Maestro Mathematics 10 24
Find the next four terms of –9, -2, 5, …
Arithmetic Sequence
2  9  5  2  7
7 is referred to as the common difference (d)
Common Difference (d) – what we ADD to get next term

Next four terms……12, 19, 26, 33

Maestro Mathematics 10 25
Find the next four terms of 0, 7, 14, …

Arithmetic Sequence, d = 7
21, 28, 35, 42

Find the next four terms of x, 2x, 3x, …

Arithmetic Sequence, d = x
4x, 5x, 6x, 7x

Find the next four terms of 5k, -k, -7k, …

Arithmetic Sequence, d = -6k

-13k, -19k, -25k, -32k

Maestro Mathematics 10 26
 Vocabulary of Sequences (Universal)
a1  First term
an  nth term
n  number of terms
Sn  sum of n terms
d  common difference

nth term of arithmetic sequence  an  a1  n  1 d

n
sum of n terms of arithmetic sequence  Sn   a1  an 
2

Maestro Mathematics 10 27
Given an arithmetic sequence with a15  38 and d  3, find a1.
x a1  First term
38 an  nth term
15 n  number of terms
NA Sn  sum of n terms
-3 d  common difference

an  a1  n  1 d
38  x  15  1 3 

X = 80

Maestro Mathematics 10 28
Find S63 of  19,  13, 7,...

-19 a1  First term

353 ?? an  nth term
63 n  number of terms
x Sn  sum of n terms
6 d  common difference

an  a1  n  1 d
n
Sn   a1  an 
2
??  19   63  1 6  63
S63   19  353 
??  353 2
S63  10521
Maestro Mathematics 10 29
Try this one: Find a16 if a1  1.5 and d  0.5
1.5 a1  First term
x an  nth term
16 n  number of terms
NA Sn  sum of n terms
0.5 d  common difference

an  a1  n  1 d
a16  1.5  16  1 0.5
a16  9

Maestro Mathematics 10 30
Find n if an  633, a1  9, and d  24

9 a1  First term
633 an  nth term
x n  number of terms
NA Sn  sum of n terms
24 d  common difference
an  a1  n  1 d

633  9   x  1 24

633  9  24x  24
X = 27

Maestro Mathematics 10 31
Find d if a1  6 and a29  20

-6 a1  First term
20 an  nth term
29 n  number of terms
NA Sn  sum of n terms
x d  common difference
an  a1  n  1 d

20  6   29  1 x

26  28x
13
x
14
Maestro Mathematics 10 32
Find two arithmetic means between –4 and 5

-4, ____, ____, 5

-4 a1  First term
5 an  nth term
4 n  number of terms
NA Sn  sum of n terms
x d  common difference
an  a1  n  1 d
5  4   4  1 x 
x3
The two arithmetic means are –1 and 2, since –4, -1, 2, 5
forms an arithmetic sequence
Maestro Mathematics 10 33
Find three arithmetic means between 1 and 4

1, ____, ____, ____, 4

1 a1  First term
4 an  nth term
5 n  number of terms
NA Sn  sum of n terms
x d  common difference
an  a1  n  1 d
4  1   5  1 x 
3
x
4
The three arithmetic means are 7/4, 10/4, and 13/4
since 1, 7/4, 10/4, 13/4, 4
Maestro forms 10
Mathematics an arithmetic sequence 34
Find n for the series in which a1  5, d  3, Sn  440
5 a1  First term
440   5  5   x  1 3 
x
y an  nth term 2
x n  number of terms x  7  3x 
440 
440 Sn  sum of n terms 2
880  x  7  3x 
3 d  common difference
0  3x 2  7x  880
an  a1  n  1 d
Graph on positive window
y  5   x  1 3
X = 16
n
Sn   a1  an 
2
x
440   5  y 
2
Maestro Mathematics 10 35
 The sum of the first n terms of an infinite sequence
is called the nth partial sum.
Sn  n (a1  an)
2

Maestro Mathematics 10 36
Example 6. Find the 150th partial sum of the arithmetic sequence, 5,
16, 27, 38, 49, …

a1  5 d  11  c  5  11  6

an  11n  6  a150  11150  6  1644

150
S150   5  1644   75 1649   123,675
2

Maestro Mathematics 10 37
Example 7. An auditorium has 20 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in
the first row, 21 seats in the second row, 22 seats in the third row, and
so on. How many seats are there in all 20 rows?
d 1 c  20  1  19
an  a1   n 1 d  a20  20  19 1  39

20
S20   20  39   10  59   590
2

Maestro Mathematics 10 38
Example 8. A small business sells $10,000 worth of sports memorabilia
during its first year. The owner of the business has set a goal of
increasing annual sales by $7500 each year for 19 years. Assuming that
the goal is met, find the total sales during the first 20 years this business
is in operation.

a1  10,000 d  7500 c  10,000  7500  2500

an  a1   n 1 d  a20  10,000  19  7500  152,500

20
S20  10,000  152,500   10 162,500   1,625,000
2
So the total sales for the first 2o years is $1,625,000
Maestro Mathematics 10 39
Maestro Mathematics 10 40