Atomic Absorption Spectos
Atomic Absorption Spectos
Atomic Absorption Spectos
SPECTROSCOPY
E .UDHAYASUDHAN
MSC MICROBIOLOGY
INVENTION
Detector and
Light source atomizer
(hollow cathode Lamp ) monochromator readout device
• THE LIGHT SOURCE IS USUALLY A HOLLOW CATHODE
LAMP OF THE ELEMENT THAT IS BEING MEASURED . IT
CONTAINS A TUNGSTEN ANODE AND A HOLLOW
1 –LIGHTSOURCE CYLINDRICAL CATHODE MADE OF THE ELEMENT TO BE
DETERMINED. THESE ARE SEALED IN A GLASS TUBE FILLED
WITH AN INERT GAS (NEON OR ARGON ) . EACH ELEMENT
HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE LAMP WHICH MUST BE USED FOR
THAT ANALYSIS .
HOLLOW CATHODE LAMP
Quartz window
Pyrex body
CATHODE
Anode
Cathode
ANODE
APPLYING A POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
ANODE AND THE CATHODE LEADS TO THE IONIZATION OF
SOME GAS ATOMS .
HOW IT
WORKS THESE GASEOUS IONS BOMBARD THE CATHODE AND
EJECT METAL ATOMS FROM THE CATHODE IN A PROCESS
CALLED SPUTTERING. SOME SPUTTERED ATOMS ARE IN
EXCITED STATES AND EMIT RADIATION CHARACTERISTIC OF
THE METAL AS THEY FALL BACK TO THE GROUND STATE .
THE SHAPE OF THE CATHODE WHICH IS HOLLOW CYLINDRICAL
CONCENTRATES THE EMITTED RADIATION INTO A BEAM WHICH
PASSES THROUGH A QUARTZ WINDOW ALL THE WAY TO THE
VAPORIZED SAMPLE.
3- MONOCHROMATORS
A MONOCHROMATOR IS USED TO SELECT THE SPECIFIC
WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT WHICH IS ABSORBED BY THE
SAMPLE, AND TO EXCLUDE OTHER WAVELENGTHS. THE
SELECTION OF THE SPECIFIC LIGHT ALLOWS THE
DETERMINATION OF THE SELECTED ELEMENT IN THE PRESENCE
OF OTHERS.
THE LIGHT SELECTED BY THE MONOCHROMATOR IS
DIRECTED ONTO A DETECTOR THAT IS TYPICALLY A
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE , WHOSE FUNCTION IS TO
CONVERT THE LIGHT SIGNAL INTO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
PROPORTIONAL TO THE LIGHT INTENSITY.
4 - DETECTOR AND
READ OUT DEVICE THE PROCESSING OF ELECTRICAL SIGNAL IS FULFILLED BY
A SIGNAL AMPLIFIER . THE SIGNAL COULD BE DISPLAYED
FOR READOUT , OR FURTHER FED INTO A DATA STATION
FOR PRINTOUT BY THE REQUESTED FORMAT.
A CALIBRATION CURVE IS USED TO DETERMINE THE UNKNOWN
CONCENTRATION OF AN ELEMENT IN A SOLUTION. THE INSTRUMENT
IS CALIBRATED USING SEVERAL SOLUTIONS OF KNOWN
CONCENTRATIONS. THE ABSORBANCE OF EACH KNOWN SOLUTION
IS MEASURED AND THEN A CALIBRATION CURVE OF
CALIBRATION CONCENTRATION VS ABSORBANCE IS PLOTTED.
CURVE THE SAMPLE SOLUTION IS FED INTO THE INSTRUMENT, AND THE
ABSORBANCE OF THE ELEMENT IN THIS SOLUTION IS MEASURED .THE
UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION OF THE ELEMENT IS THEN
CALCULATED FROM THE CALIBRATION CURVE
CALIBRATION CURVE
A 1.0 -
B 0.9 -
S 0.8 - .
O 0.7 - .
R 0.6 - .
B 0.5 - . .
A 0.4 - .
N 0.3 - .
C 0.2 -
E 0.1 -
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
CONCENTRATION ( G/ML )