The document discusses the structural requirements of machine tool systems. It explains that machine tool structures provide rigid support for mounting components and housing individual units. Finite element analysis is used to evaluate designs and predict structural behavior. Proper material selection and high stiffness are fundamental to meeting requirements. Common materials are cast iron and steel, chosen for properties like modulus of elasticity, specific stiffness, damping, and dimensional stability under various loads.
The document discusses the structural requirements of machine tool systems. It explains that machine tool structures provide rigid support for mounting components and housing individual units. Finite element analysis is used to evaluate designs and predict structural behavior. Proper material selection and high stiffness are fundamental to meeting requirements. Common materials are cast iron and steel, chosen for properties like modulus of elasticity, specific stiffness, damping, and dimensional stability under various loads.
The document discusses the structural requirements of machine tool systems. It explains that machine tool structures provide rigid support for mounting components and housing individual units. Finite element analysis is used to evaluate designs and predict structural behavior. Proper material selection and high stiffness are fundamental to meeting requirements. Common materials are cast iron and steel, chosen for properties like modulus of elasticity, specific stiffness, damping, and dimensional stability under various loads.
The document discusses the structural requirements of machine tool systems. It explains that machine tool structures provide rigid support for mounting components and housing individual units. Finite element analysis is used to evaluate designs and predict structural behavior. Proper material selection and high stiffness are fundamental to meeting requirements. Common materials are cast iron and steel, chosen for properties like modulus of elasticity, specific stiffness, damping, and dimensional stability under various loads.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 9
2.
Maintenance of Machine Systems- STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS OF MACHINE SYSTEMS By A.C. Kanama Introduction • Machine tool parts, such as beds, bases, columns, box-type housings, over arms, carriages, table etc. are known as structures • In machine tools, 70-90% of the total weight of the machine is due to the weight of the structure [3] • Researchers have worked with different types of materials like cast iron, mild steel, granite and epoxy concrete for machine tool structure for different applications. Profile of the machine tool and selection of different stiffeners/ribs are suggested by researchers. • Quality of the job produced on machine tools depends directly on the quality and performance of machine tools. • To develop good products design engineers need to study how their designs will behave in real-world conditions. Role of FEA in machine tool structural design • The limitations of physical model techniques have led to the development of mathematical models representing a variety of mechanical structures. • In ‘Finite Element Analysis’, the whole structure is divided into finite elements. • The FEA is a very useful tool in engineering today and same has proved to be an important technique in machine tool structural analysis. • Thus, Computer is an invaluable tool for a designer in his task for evaluating alternative designs to arrive at the optimum design and also predicting the static, dynamic and thermal behaviour of the machine before arriving at the final design. Functions of Machine Tool Structure • To provide rigid support on which various subassemblies can be mounted i.e. beds, bases. • To provide housings for individual units or their assemblies like s gear box, spindle head. • To support and move the work piece and tool relatively, i.e. table, carriage, tail stock etc. Requirements of Machine Tool Structure • All important mating surface of the structures should be machined with a high degree of accuracy to provide the desired geometrical accuracy; • The initial geometrical accuracy of the structures should be maintained during the whole service life of the machine tool; and • The shapes and sizes of the structures should not only provide safe operation and maintenance of the machine tool but also ensure that working stresses and deformations do not exceed specific limits; (the stresses and deformations are due to mechanical as well as thermal loading.) • Efficient thermal control on machine element such as spindle, ball screw and bearings for better part accuracy. • Faster tool change system. • Very high rapid traverse rates of round 40-60 m/minfor faster tool positioning and very high cutting feed rates for increased metal removal rates. Two common features fundamental to satisfactory fulfilment above requirements for all structures.
1. Proper selection of material.
2. High static and dynamic stiffness. Classification of Machine Tool Structure • By purpose into: 1. Beds, frameworks, carrying bodies. 2. Bases, bedplates etc. 3. Housing, boxes, columns, pillar, brackets. 4. Castings and covers. • b) By the method of manufacture into: 1. Cast. 2. Welded. 3. Combined cast and welded. • c) By functions they perform: 1. Beds and bases, upon which the various subassemblies are mounted. 2. Box type housings in which individual units are assembled. 3. Parts those serve for supporting and moving work piece and tool i.e. table, carriage etc. Material properties for Machine Tool Structure 1. Modulus of elasticity: • For high stiffness it is necessary to choose materials with a high value of E. For instance, the high strength nodular graphite cast iron has doubled the modulus of elasticity than the normal cast iron, apart from its high internal damping. All steels have practically the same E and therefore mostly the non-expensive good commercial quality steel is used for machine tool structures. 2. Specific stiffness: Material should have high specific stiffness. 3. Damping: Cast iron has higher inherent damping properties, damping in steel structures occurs mainly in welds, if welded joints are properly designed, the damping of steel structure may approach that of cast iron Material properties for Machine Tool Structure- cont’d 4. Long-term dimensional stability: The machine tool structural material must also have a good long-term dimensional stability. Locked in stress levels should be reduced to as close to zero as possible to achieve this. 5. Coolant resistance: The material should be unaffected by coolant. 6. Wear rate and frictional properties: The material used should have a reasonably low coefficient of expansion. If several composite materials are used, each should have the same coefficient of expansion to avoid thermal bending/distortion
