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Pde 2 Unit 1

The document discusses different types of prototypes including physical, analytical, comprehensive, focused, proof-of-principle, and user experience prototypes. It also covers product architecture and modularity, explaining how functional elements are assigned to physical components. Prototyping is defined and categories, uses, planning, testing, and evaluation of prototypes are described.

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Chinmay Alandkar
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69 views24 pages

Pde 2 Unit 1

The document discusses different types of prototypes including physical, analytical, comprehensive, focused, proof-of-principle, and user experience prototypes. It also covers product architecture and modularity, explaining how functional elements are assigned to physical components. Prototyping is defined and categories, uses, planning, testing, and evaluation of prototypes are described.

Uploaded by

Chinmay Alandkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Product Design Engineering II

Prototype
• Prototype is an approximation of the product with
one or more dimensions of interest.
• Any entity exhibiting at least one aspect of product
(Aspect that is development team is interested in)
• This definition is different from “Prototype: -
Preproduction version of product.”
• Prototyping is process of developing approximation
of product.
Prototype
• The word prototype can be used in several ways

• Industrial Designers produce prototype of their


concepts.

• Engineers prototype a design.

• Software developers write prototype programs.


The iRobot PackBot by iRobot Corporation
Sub Types of Prototype
• Physical and Analytical
• Physical Prototypes
– Tangible and created to approximate the product
– Includes models that look like product
– Experimental Hardware used to validate functionality
• Analytical Prototypes
– Represent the product in non tangible form
– Usually mathematical or virtual form
– Interesting aspects of products are analyzed
– Computer simulation, 2D-3D computer models, system of
equations in spreadsheet
Sub Types of Prototype
• Comprehensive and Focused
• Comprehensive Prototypes
– Implement most or all attributes of product
– Fully scaled or fully operational version
– Given to customers to identify design flaws
• Focused Prototypes
– Implement one or few attributes of product
– E.g. Foam model to explore form of product
– Hand made circuit board to find electronic performance
– Two or more focused prototypes are used to find
performance one is generally ‘Looks like’ and second is
‘Works like’ prototype.
Categories of prototypes
• A Proof-of-Principle Prototype serves to verify some key
functional aspects of the intended design, but usually does
not have all the functionality of the final product.
• A Working Prototype represents all or nearly all of the
functionality of the final product.
• A Visual Prototype represents the size and appearance, but
not the functionality, of the intended design. A Form Study
Prototype is a preliminary type of visual prototype in which
the geometric features of a design are emphasized, with less
concern for color, texture, or other aspects of the final
appearance.
Categories of prototypes
• A User Experience Prototype represents enough of the
appearance and function of the product that it can be used
for user research.
• A Functional Prototype captures both function and
appearance of the intended design, though it may be created
with different techniques and even different scale from final
design.
• A Paper Prototype is a printed or hand-drawn representation
of the user interface of a software product. Such prototypes
are commonly used for early testing of a software design, and
can be part of a software walkthrough to confirm design
decisions before more costly levels of design effort are
expended.
Use of prototypes
• Learning:
– Will it work?
– How well does it meet the customer needs?
• Communication
– Top management, vendors, partners, customers,
investors
• Integration
– Components and sub-systems work together
• Milestone
– Bench-marking
Planning for Prototype
1. Define the purpose of the Prototype
2. Establish level of approximation
3. Outline and experimental plan
4. Create a schedule for procurement,
construction and Testing
Product Architecture
• Product can be considered in functional and
physical terms
• Functional elements are individual operations
and transformations that contribute to overall
performance of the product.
• Physical components are the parts,
components, sub assemblies that ultimately
implement functions of product.
• Product architecture is assignment of functional
elements of product to the physical building blocks
of the product.
• The physical elements of the product are organized
into several major physical building blocks called as
Chunks.
• Each chunk is made up of components that
implement functions of product.
• The architecture is the scheme by which functional
elements of product are arranged into physical
chunks and by which chunks interact.
Modularity
• Most important characteristic of Product
architecture is modularity
Modular Architecture
Integral Architecture
Types of Modularity
• Slot Modular Architecture
– Each of the interfaces between chunks is different
from other
– Various chunks in product cannot be interchanged
• Bus Modular architecture
– There is a common bus to which all other chunks
are connected via same type of interface.
• Sectional Modular Architecture
– All interfaces are of same type but no single
element to which all other chunks attach.
Types of Modularity
Testing and Evaluation
• Testing a prototype / developed design is a very
important part of the design and manufacturing
process.
• Testing and evaluation, simply confirms that the
product will work as it is supposed to, or if it
needs refinement.
• In general, testing a prototype allows the
designer and client to assess the viability of a
design.
• Will it be successful as a commercial product?
• Testing also helps identify potential faults, which
in turn allows the designer to make
improvements.
Testing and Evaluation
• Views, changes, improvements
• Finding faults by focus groups
• Safety issues, norms, standards
• Assessing different costs
• Specific component testing
• Planning of cost effective production line.

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