Welcome

to the presentation
on

by
Sayan Kumar
EE(E), Unit 7&8
DVC CTPS
Chandrapura
 AREAS of POTENTIAL TROUBLE in ESP
INSULATORS
5.94 DISCHARGE
COLLECTING ELECTRODES
PLATES
15.16 31.25

21.93
RAPPING
MECHANISMS
25.72
DUST
REMOVAL
Numbers in percent of installations
PRECIPITATOR PROBLEMS…….. fundamental

INADEQUATE
HIGH
INADEQUATE
POOR BADLY
UNDER
UNSTABLE
INADEQUATE FAULTY
RE-
RESISTIVITY
HTSIZED
GASHV
RAPPING
FLOW
DESIGNED
TR ENTRAINMENT
SECTIONSSETS ERECTION
PARTICLES
EQUIPMENT
DISTRIBUTION
EQUIPMENT
ELECTRODES
 Under
sized

Fundamental
Problems
Fundamental
Problems

High
resistivity
particle
• >1010
• Ohm - cm

• 107 - 1010
• Ohm - cm

• 104 – 107
• Ohm-cm
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY ……. influenced by

GAS
MOISTURE

GAS
COMPOSITION
GAS TEMPERATURE Vs RESISTIVITY of FLYASH

13
RESISTIVITY, OHM-CM (IN POWERS OF 10 )

12.5

12

11.5

11

10.5

10

9.5

9
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
GAS TEMPERATURE, DEG C
Increased
content of

SiO2 Increased
Al2O3 content of

CaO
Fe2O3
Na2O
K2O
P2O5
SO3
LiO2
 High operating
Seriously current levels
reduced Reduced
performance operating
due to voltage levels
back-corona

High resistivity
( 1012 ohm – cm
and above )
High electrical
Very significant
force
voltage loss
component
across dust
retaining
layer
collected dust

ESP characteristics with Resistivity

Adapted from U.S.EPA
 Mechanism of BACK CORONA

Back Corona

-
Collecting
EMITTING
Plate
DUST LAYER ELECTRODE

on COLLECTING PLATE
Reduced
collection Significant
performance voltage drop
with high spark across dust layer
rates

Normal
resistivity
( 1011 ohm – cm )

Moderate
Reduced
electrical force
operating voltage
component
and current
retaining the
levels
collected dust

ESP characteristics with Resistivity

Adapted from U.S.EPA
High collection Negligible voltage
performance drop across dust
layer

Normal
resistivity
( 107 - 1010
ohm – cm )

Sufficient
Normal
electrical force
operating voltage
component
and current
retaining the
levels
collected dust

ESP characteristics with Resistivity

Adapted from U.S.EPA
 Vulnerable to
high
Reduced re-entrainment Normal operating
collection losses voltage and
performance current levels

Low
resistivity Reduced
Negligible voltage electrical force
( < 107 ohm – cm ) component
loss across dust
layer retaining
collected dust

ESP characteristics with Resistivity

Adapted from U.S.EPA
High Electrical Resistivity of Fly-ash
can be handled by doing the following:
Adjusting the gas temperature
Increasing the moisture content
Chemical Conditioning the flue gas
Increasing the collection area
Using hot-side precipitator ( occasionally )
 Fundamental
Problems

Inadequate
HT sections
 Too large an
area per
TR set

Poor
Electrical Restricted
Under powered Sectionalisation operating
electrical
Voltage and
energisation
Current
Inadequate
HV
Fundamental
equipment Problems
Poor Inadequate rating
sectionalisation of TR sets

1. at low current densities

2. low power levels

Reduced 3. no resistivity problems
Performance
4. TR sets at full and
no sparking
Unstable
TR sets
Fundamental
Problems
Sluggish Improper
response & poor automatic
performance control design

Unstable
TR set
Operation

Uncontrolled Improper TR
Sparking set adjustment
 Poor
gas flow
distribution

Fundamental
Problems
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Blinding of gas distribution

screens, corrosion causing air in-
leakage, holes and sharp edges in
collecting surfaces

Reduced
operating voltage with
pre-mature sparking
Inadequate
rapping
equipment

Fundamental
Problems
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Rapping mal-function or
inadequate design

Excess dust build-up on

electrodes;
excess dust release causing
electrical upsets and puffing
Thick
coating of
dust on
spiral
emitters
 Re –
entrainment

Fundamental
Problems
 Badly
designed
electrode
systems

Fundamental
problems
 Faulty
erection

Fundamental
Problems
 Component
Rating and
Tolerances

Poor
Quality
Control Mechanical
Field Erection
Design

“ Even the best basic design can be ruined by poor mechanical design
and / or by sloppy field construction “
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Poor quality control in

component rating,
mechanical design and field
erection

Even the best basic design

can be ruined by
poor mechanical design
and / or
floppy field erection
Kinks
introduced
on the
ribbon
type
emitters -
faulty
erection
Absence of scavenging screw in the emitting rapping system –
faulty erection
Absence of scavenging screw in the emitting rapping system –
faulty erection
Hammers are
mounted
WITHOUT
angular
displacement –
faulty erection
Missing shock bar anvils / shockpads – faulty erection
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Poor electrical
grounding system

Causes very high voltage

transient disturbances in
rectifier set and control circuitry.
Short circuit problems and
possibly burning
PRECIPITATOR PROBLEMS…….. mechanical

VIBRATING / EXCESSIVE
POOR DISTORTED
SWINGING DUST
ELECTRODE COLLECTING
DISCHARGE DEPOSIT ON
ALIGNMENT PLATES
ELECTRODES ELECTRODES

DUST
FULL OR DEPOSITS GAS
AIR
OVERFLOWING IN SNEAKAGE
HOPPERS IN-LEAKAGE
GAS DUCTS
 1
Poor
alignment
of
electrode
systems

Mechanical
Problems
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Discharge electrode
misalignment

Poor equipment utilization

and reduced performance.

Effects appear in abnormal corona

characteristics such as low corona
starting voltage and pre-mature
sparking at low operating voltages
 Poor
equipment
utilisation

Discharge
electrode
Abnormal misalignment
Reduced
corona
performance
characteristic
Mechanical
Problems

2
Full /
over
flowing
hoppers
on the significance of dust removal system …
5. 94

“ 15.16
Careful attention to the
design, operation and
maintenance of the dust 31.25
removal system is extremely
important. It is significant to
note that the highest
incidence of discharge
21.93
electrode failure is related to
the highest degree of hopper
pluggage.”
-TC – 1 Committee
Air Pollution Control
Association ( APCA )
 PROBLEMS with DUST REMOVAL FROM ESP

Major
Causes

Hopper Vacuum
Temperature
Pluggage Leakage
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Inadequate or unreliable
ash evacuation system

Full hoppers and

electrical shorting,
electrode damage
 One or more of the
following occurs
when hopper
pluggage occurs

The ash must be

Misalignment of Ash fusion and
Shorting of high discharged to
electrode system formation of
– voltage bus the ground and
and reduced clinkers by HV
sections manually
power input current
removed
Caused by the Results in
passage of reduced
high voltage Shorting of HV
bus sections electrical
current
through the power input
ash layer to the fields

Hopper
Pluggage
Ash fusion Misalignment
and of electrode
clinkering system
on the fluidizing devices …
5. 94

“ The devices are helpful only

15.16well maintained and
when
reliably supplied with dry air
which has been preheated 31.25
above dew point
temperatures. If not,
fluidizers will only aggravate
hopper evacuation efforts
21.93
due to caking and will
additionally provide the
unwanted surface area for
ash bridging.”
Collapse of ESP caused by
failure to evacuate the ash hoppers
Collapse of ESP
caused by the
failure to
evacuate the
ash hoppers
Collapse of ESP caused by
failure to evacuate the ash hoppers
Collapse of ESP caused by
failure to evacuate the ash hoppers
 Precipitator
casing
resting on
the wall of
the ESP
control
room

Collapse of ESP caused by

failure to evacuate the ash hoppers
Collapse of ESP caused by
failure to evacuate the ash hoppers
 Twisted cable trays

Collapse of ESP caused by

failure to evacuate the ash hoppers
 Mechanical
Problems
3
Vibrating
/ swinging
discharge
electrodes
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Vibrating or swinging corona

wires and high – tension
emitting frames

Sparking and loss of

performance
 DISCHARGE ELECTRODE FAILURES

MAJOR
CAUSES

1
2 3
ELECTRICAL
EROSION CORROSION FATIGUE
DISCHARGE ELECTRODE FAILURES - MAGNITUDE

NO PROBLEM MAJOR
21.72 23.37

MINOR
54.91

Numbers in percent of installations

 DISCHARGE ELECTRODE FAILURES - FREQUENCY

VERY SELDOM FREQUENT

29.91 23.05

47.04
INFREQUENT

Numbers in percent of installations

 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Wire breakage

Shorted electrical sections

due to fatigue, corrosion,
localized arcing, kinks and
knicks in wires, spit arcing
at terminations
 4
Air Mechanical
ingress Problems
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Local air ingress

Excessive sparking
and loss of power
Advanced stage of corrosion
Corroded hot air flushing ducts of emitting system
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Air ingress through hoppers

Dust re-entrainment
and upsets in electrical
conditions
 5
Distorted
collecting
plates
Mechanical
Problems
Close spacing Thermal
& expansion
abnormal corona problems
characteristics

Distorted
Collecting
Plates

Full
Mishandling hopper
during erection pressures
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Improper allowance for

thermal expansion

Electrode distortion and

mis-alignment, close electrical
clearances, roof plate buckling
causing rapper mal-function,
cracks in precipitator casing
 6
Dust
deposits
in gas
ducts
Mechanical
Problems
Changes in
particle Structural
chemistry failure
(ash resistivity )

Excessive dust
fall-out in
flues

Changes in
particle size Poor gas
distribution distribution
 7
Excessive
dust
deposit on
electrodes

Mechanical
Problems
on the influence of flyash accumulation
on the discharge electrode …
5. 94

15.16
“ Excessive build – ups
tend to suppress 31.25the
precipitator current by
elevating the voltage
required for initiation
21.93of the corona discharge.
Another problem is the
possible unequal corona
formation through a
particular field.”
Excessive
dust
accumulation
on spiral
emitters –

ineffective
rapping
Excessive
dust
accumulation
on spiral
emitters –

ineffective
rapping
 8
Gas
Sneakage

Mechanical
Problems
 Insulator
fouling &
shorting

Corrosion
Hopper dust
causing air
build-up
ingress

Condensation

Holes &
Crusty
sharp edges
deposits on
in collecting electrodes
electrodes
Blinding of
gas
distributor
screens
on electrical tracking on support insulators …
5. 94

“ Electrical tracking can

15.16under moist conditions
occur
during unit start – ups, but
unless a permanent path31.25
to
ground occurs, insulators
may still be satisfactory for
normal operation. If a
permanent path to ground
21.93
occurs, insulator failure will
often occur and this can only
be corrected by replacement.”
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Condensation leading to
insulator fouling and shorting,
crusty deposits on electrodes,
hopper dust hang-ups

Reduced
operating voltage with
pre-mature sparking
PRECIPITATOR PROBLEMS…….. operational

POOR
TUNING
OF
EXCESSIVE
ELECTRICAL
GASSETS
FLOW
PROCESS
POOR
UPSETS
ADJUSTMENT
OF
RAPPERS
 1
Poor
adjust-
ment of
rappers

Operational
Problems
 on the failure of coil assemblies …
( in vertical impact rappers )
5. 94

“ Coil assembly failures may

15.16on a new installation
occur
31.25
and may be a quality problem
of the rapper coil itself or of
the rapper assembly. It could
also be related to the type of
mounting. Each particular
21.93
malfunction must be looked
at for a specific cause of
failure.”
Improper
rapping
of
emitting
frame
Operational
Problems

2
Process
upsets
Performance of ESP …. Process related parameters

Composition
of fine
particles
Concentration
Particle size
of water
distribution
vapor

Performance
of
Concentration Electrostatic
Precipitator Gas flow rate
of SO3
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Corona quench due to high

concentration of fine particles

Leads to extra high voltage ,

low current operation .
Significant reduction in particle
charging and performance
Significantly Very high
reduced operating
performance voltage

Corona quench
due to high
concentration of
fine particles

Reduced Very low

particle operating
charging current
on fires in the flyash precipitators …
5. 94

“ Fires in the fly ash

15.16
precipitators are quite
infrequent but have occurred
as a result of unburnt 31.25
fuel
being carried over during
cold start – ups of boiler. A
prime location for fires is in
the hoppers where the fuel
21.93
accumulates and can ignite
under proper conditions.”
 Variable voltages and
currents among TR
sets in the same field
across precipitator

Non-uniform gas flow Large temperature

Electrode
and differences cause non
misalignment in some
– uniform electrical
sections dust concentrations conditions

1. Check for 1. Increase

thermal sectionalisation
expansion
problems 2. Improve rapping
Excess Broken
moisture discharge wires
condensation touching
on HV insulator collecting
surfaces plates

Unstable
conditions
( full load current at very
low primary voltages)
HV Bushing
Full
cracked or dirty
with surface or nearly full
conduction hoppers
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Unburnt hydrocarbons and

poor combustion with start-up
on oil firing in fly-ash precipitators

Electrode fouling and build-up of

deposits difficult to remove by
ordinary rapping
– may deteriorate electrical conditions
in subsequent normal operation
 Operational
Problems
3
Excess
Gas
flow
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

High gas velocities and / or

spark blasting - possibly
associated with
low- resistivity ash and / or
low aspect ratio

Excess dust
re-entrainment and
loss of performance
 4
Poor Operational
tuning of Problems
electrical
sets
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Unstable TR set operation –

improper automatic control
design and tuning

Uncontrollable sparking,
sluggish response and
poor performance
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Poor TR set match to load in

terms of voltage, current,
power rating, improper or
unstable wave-forms etc

Limited energisation
capability and performance
ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE OF ESP ….
The electrical performance of an ESP can be
evaluated by comparing secondary currents,
secondary voltages and the spark rate to baseline
values for these parameters.

The ESP must operate at maximum primary and

secondary voltages. The factors that determine the
actual voltages in each field include the TR set
design, internal physical dimensions, internal fault,
dust resistivity and the gas stream characteristics.

Major decreases in voltage are indicators of

operational problems.
 MAJOR PROBLEMS AND EFFECTS….

Location of sensitive electrical

controls in extremely hot,
dirty or corrosive
environment

Unreliable
electrical operation,
failure of equipment and
loss of performance
Faulty
Local air
electrical bus
ingress
section

Excessive
sparking

Heavy Serious
dust release electrode
during rapping misalignment
 OPERATION

&

MAINTENANCE
RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR
RELIABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE


RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR
RELIABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

 Proper oil start – up burner atomization and good combustion

conditions to avoid unburnt hydro – carbons and heavy soot.

Routine equipment and operations inspection

 Proper mill adjustments, firing, and combustion conditions to avoid

high carbon carry – over and possibly of hopper fires or damage to

fans; also to maintain suitable ash particle sizing for optimum

collection
RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR
RELIABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

 Keep ash removal system in proper working order. Use continuous

hopper emptying. See that all hoppers are promptly emptied at shut-

down

 Routine check of precipitator voltages and currents - usually daily log

or computer read-out to see that normal levels are being held

 Rapping system equipped with fault indicators to detect and indicate

inoperative units. Avoids time –consuming manual inspections

RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR
RELIABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE


RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR
RELIABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR
RELIABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

 Check all access door seals and inspect the casing, flues, expansion

joints, gas dampers., for corrosion damage, leaks

 Check all main ground connections are safe and sound, free of

corrosion.

 Periodic check of HV transformer oil dielectric strength – at least

once a year. Any spurious ticking or clicking sounds inside the HV

transformer tank should be checked out

RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR
RELIABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

 Periodic dust blowout and cleaning interior of control

cabinets according to requirements of location

 Periodic check and operation of key interlocks to keep in

good working order

1. Dismantle the geared motor
from the coupling

2. Remove the fixing bolts of the anti-friction

bearing. Bearing top need NOT be dismantled

3. Withdraw the shaft along with the

bearing assembly

4. Dismantle the cover and screw

5.Remov e the damaged insulator

1. Remove the lug / flange of the inlet opening of
the roof panel inside insulator housing
2. Introduce the lifting tool inside the ESP through
bottom of the inlet, after removing the bush,
washer and nut
3. Reassemble the bush, washer, nut and
position the lifting tool as shown in the figure

4. Dismantle the nut, suspension tube,

support flange and the broken insulator
VOLTAGE - CURRENT (V-I) CHARACTERISTICS

PLANT
PLANT OWNER
NAME

UNIT No RATING (MW) ESP CASING A /B /C /D /E /F

Unit Load Gas / Ambient Temperature at

Date Time
(MW) ESP inlet (Deg C)

Secondary Current (mA) / Secondary Voltage (kV)

Field No Bus Section 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

kV kV kV kV kV kV kV kV kV kV

Left
1
Right

Left
2
Right

Left
3
Right

Left
4
Right

Left
5
Right

Left
6
Right

Left
7
Right

Left
8
Right

Left
9
Right

Left
10
Right
Note: 1) During V- I characteristics, the respective EC panels will be operated with a charge ratio of 1:1
2) While taking readings, always proceed from the rear field to the inlet field

ESP TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED CHENNAI - 600093 INDIA

E mail: [email protected] E mail: [email protected]
VOLTAGE - CURRENT (V-I)
CHARACTERISTICS

PLANT PLANT
OWNER NAME

UNIT RATING A /B /C /D /E
ESP CASING
No (MW) /F

Unit Gas / Ambient

Date Time Load Temperature at
(MW) ESP inlet (Deg C)

Secondary Current (mA) / Secondary Voltage (kV)

Bus
Field No 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Section

kV kV kV kV kV kV kV kV kV kV

Left
1
Right

Left
2
Right
BOILER UCB / COAL / ASH DATA

PLANT
PLANT OWNER
NAME

Unit Load
UNIT No RATING (MW)
(MW)

Mean Gas Temperature at Mean Gas Temperature at

Date Time
ESP inlet (Deg C) ESP outlet (Deg C)

Boiler / Unit Data:

Generation MW Superheat steam temperature Deg C

Evaporation T/Hr Superheat steam pressure kg / cm2

Analysis of Coal Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date

Fixed Carbon %

Volatiles %

Moisture %

Ash %

Sulphur %

Analysis of Flyash Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date

Silica %

Alumina %

Iron Oxide %

Calcium Oxide %

Magnesia %

Sodium Oxide %

Potassium Oxide %

Phosphorous Pentoxide %

Titania %

Sulphur Trioxide %

Resistivity of flyash ohm-cm

General Observations, if any:

BOILER UCB / COAL / ASH DATA

PLANT
PLANT
OWNE
NAME
R

UNIT RATING Unit Load

No (MW) (MW)

Mean Gas Mean Gas

Temperature Temperature
Tim
Date e
at at
ESP inlet ESP outlet
(Deg C) (Deg C)

Boiler / Unit Data:

Superheatsteam
Generation MW
temperature
Deg C

T/H Superheat steam

Evaporation r pressure
kg / cm2
Analysis DateDateDateDateDateDateDateDate
of Coal

Fixed
%
Carbon

Volatiles %

Moisture %

Ash %

Sulphur %
Analysis of Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date
Flyash
Silica %

Alumina %

Iron Oxide %

Calcium
%
Oxide
Magnesia %
Sodium
%
Oxide
Potassium
%
Oxide
Phosphoro
us %
Pentoxide
Titania %
Sulphur
%
Trioxide
Resistivity ohm-

of flyash cm
ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER PANEL READINGS

PLANT
PLANT OWNER
NAME

UNIT No RATING (MW) ESP CASING A /B /C /D /E /F

Unit Load Gas Temperature at

Date Time
(MW) ESP inlet (Deg C)

Prim. Prim. Current Secon. Secon. Curren

Field No Bus Section Charge Ratio Spark rate / mt Remarks
Volt. (V) (A) Volt (kV) (mA)

Left
1
Right

Left
2
Right

Left
3
Right

Left
4
Right

Left
5
Right

Left
6
Right

Left
7
Right

Left
8
Right

Left
9
Right

Left
10
Right

General observations, if any:

ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER
PANEL READINGS

PLANT
PLANT
OWNE
NAME
R

UNIT RATING A /B /C /D
ESP CASING
No (MW) /E /F

Gas
Unit
Temperature at
Date Time Load
ESP inlet (Deg
(MW)
C)

Secon
Secon
Bus Prim. Prim. . Charg Spark
Field .
Sectio Volt. Curre Curre e rate / Remarks
No Volt
n (V) nt (A) n Ratio mt
(kV)
(mA)
Left
1
Right

Left
2
Right
AUXILIARY CONTROL PANEL READINGS

PLANT OWNER PLANT NAME

UNIT No RATING (MW) ESP CASING A /B /C /D /E /F

Unit Load Gas Temperature at ESP inlet

Date Time
(MW) (Deg C)

Heaters - Ammeter Readings Rapping Frequency

Field No Bus Section Remarks

Support Insulators Shaft Insulators Hoppers CollectingElectrode Emitting Electrode
(Amps) (Amps) (Amps) (raps/mt) (raps / mt)

Left
1
Right

Left
2
Right

Left
3
Right

Left
4
Right

Left
5
Right

Left
6
Right

Left
7
Right

Left
8
Right

Left
9
Right

Left
10
Right

General observations, if any:

AUXILIARY CONTROL PANEL
READINGS

PLANT PLANT
OWNER NAME

UNIT A /B /C /D /E
RATING (MW) ESP CASING
No /F

Gas
Unit
Temperature
Date Time Load
at ESP inlet
(MW)
(Deg C)

Heaters - Ammeter Rapping

Readings Frequency
Bus Emittin
Collectin
Field No Sectio Support Shaft g Remarks
gElectro
n Insulat Insulat Hoppers Electrod
de
ors ors (Amps) e
(raps/m
(Amps) (Amps) (raps /
t)
mt)
Left
1
Right

Left
2
Right
on the requirement of a minimum level of personnel
to be assigned for maintenance of ESPs …

5. 94
The number depends to a great extent on the size and complexity of
the installation. It is prudent to have at least one highly trained
person to oversee a critical unit on a full time basis, especially if the
installation size is over a 450 m3 / s capacity or is designed for
15.16
particulate emission of 150 mg / Nm3 or less .
31.25
Whether additional personnel are required should be based on
process characteristics and the history of problems.
The repetitive problems should be corrected by equipment
modifications, but trained manpower is often needed to provide the
21.93input.
critical

Most installations will draw maintenance personnel from a central

group, but the burden of supervision should lie with one individual in
this case.
 TYPICAL V – I CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ESP
AFTER A CFBC BOILER ( Gas Load )

60
FIEFIELD - 1
FIELD
LDFIELD -1- - 1
1FIEFIELLD - 1FIELD
Secondary Voltage, kV

50

40 FIELD - 7
PROJECT: SHREE CEMENTS LTD - 2 X 150 MW - CFBC
30
VOLTAGE - CURRENT ( V-I ) CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICAL BUS
SECTIONS OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR - Unit # 1

20 PASS : A

BOILER LOAD : 132 MW DATE: 09 - 11 - 11

10 TIME : 1230 HRS
% OF OXEGEN : 5.2

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Secondary Current, mA
PASS - A
 TYPICAL V – I CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ESP
AFTER A CFBC BOILER ( Gas Load )

60
FIELD - -11 -
FIELDFIELD
1FIEFIELLD - 1FIELD

50
Secondary Voltage, kV

40
FIEFIELDFIELD - 1
FIELD --17-
FIDFIELD
1FIEFIELLD -
1FIELD
30 PROJECT: SHREE CEMENTS LTD - 2 X 150 MW - CFBC

VOLTAGE - CURRENT ( V-I ) CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICAL BUS

SECTIONS OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR - Unit # 1
20
PASS : B

BOILER LOAD : 132 MW DATE: 09 - 11 - 11

10 TIME : 1230 HRS
% OF OXEGEN : 5.2

0
PASS -0B 200 400 600
Secondary Current, mA
800 1000 1200 1400
 •There is no
substitute for the
building of
1 maximum reliability
into the precipitator
designs
 • The economic advantages
to be gained by
improvements in
reliability design vary,
2 dependent on the specific
process characteristics
and even the attitudes of
personnel at plants
 • Elimination of stack puffs and
upset conditions is the goal
of all. However, this goal will
not be achieved within
reasonable precipitator sizes
3 unless concerted efforts are
made by regulatory,
manufacturer and user
groups to work toward
understanding the basic
problems
In its simplest expression, a green

economy is one which is low

carbon, resource efficient
and socially inclusive