Gollis University

FACULTY OF ENGNIEERING
DEPARTMENT OF
TELECOMMUNICATION Engineering.
sub: FUNDAMENTAL OF
communication system
topic: introduction
Shukri Osman Abby
E-mail: [email protected]
 Course outline

 Chapter 1: Basic Communication System

 Chapter 2: Transmission media
 Chapter 3: Telecommunication standards
 chapter 4: Basic Telephony
 Chapter 5: Establishing communication
channels.
 Class requirements

 Come to class prepared you will need

 Note book
 Pen
 Scientific calculator
 Submit assignments on time
 Please behave respectfully to other students.
 Finally pay attention to the lecture
 Continuous assessment
Name Number Over all Marking

Quizzes 3 quiz X 4 Marks 12 Marks

Test 3 Test 20 Marks

Assignment ( Individual + group 18 Marks

Assignment )
Attendance 10 Marks

Final Exam 40 Marks

Total 100%
1.1 Introduction
 Telecommunications means communicating
over a long distance.
 Telecommunication: is defined as the science
and technology of communication over a
distance.
 Ability to convey information quickly,
accurately, and efficiently has always been one
of the main focuses driving human innovation.
 Communication is the ability to send and
receive messages.
1.1 History of communication

 The history of telecommunication began

with the use of smoke signals and
drums in Africa, the Americas and parts
of Asia.
1.1 History of communication
 Early communications
 Before electronic
communications
evolved, military
forces found other
ways to relay their
plans. Roman
soldiers used torches
to signal their troops
to attack.

 Pigeon post
 Pigeon post is the use of
homing pigeons to carry
messages. Pigeons were
effective as messengers due to
their natural homing abilities.
The pigeons were transported to
a destination in cages, where
they would be attached with
messages, then naturally the
pigeon would fly back to its
home where the owner could
read his mail.
 Cont…..

 The era of electrical communication began with the

successful demonstration of sending a message
through a telegraph line running between Baltimore,
MD and Washington, D.C., by Samuel F.B. Morse
in 1844.

 The invention of the vacuum-tube triode amplifier

by Lee de Forest in 1906 revolutionized the field of
electrical communication and opened the door for
wireless communication.
International Morse Code

 Morse code has been in use for more than

160 years—longer than any other electrical
coding system. What is called Morse code
today is actually somewhat different from
what was originally developed by Vail and
Morse.
 Between 1906-1947 many remarkable
inventions were made, this was the first
phase in the development of electronics and
communication engineering.
 E.g.: wireless telegraphy and telephony,
radio and television broadcasting, radar and
the first electronic digital computer.
 Some remarkable communication systems that
were developed during this phase are:
 microwave communication links
 Color television
 Satellite communication
 Stereo FM broadcast
 Digital communication
 Cable television system
 Optical fiber communication
 Fax
 Optical fiber communication
 Cellular mobile communication
 Personal mobile communication
 Computer networks
 Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
 Intelligent networks (IN)
 Cordless phones
 Paging
 The internet
 Basic scheme of a modern
communication system
 Communication is the science and practice
of transmitting information.
 So communication engineering means
electrical engineering and it deals with the
techniques of transmitting information.
 In this process information is first converted
to electrical signals and then transmitted
through electrical links.
By definition Electrical Communication: is a
process by which the information/message is
transmitted from one point to another, from
one person to another, or from one place to
another in the form of electrical signal through
some communication link.
A basic communication system consists of
certain units called stages of the
communication system before it reaches the
destination.
A basic communication system provides a link between the
information source and it’s destination.
So the information to be transmitted passes through a number
of stages of the communication system before it reaches the
destination.
Basic communication system block diagram
 The main elements of a basic
communication system are:
 Information source and input transducer.
 Transmitter
 Channel or Medium
 Noise
 Receiver
N.B: although there are many types of communication system, such as analog,
 Output Transducer and final destination.
digital, radio, and line communication system. Each type of communication system
comprises the constituents shown in Figure 1.1.
Different communication systems apply different principles in each stage
accordance with its type.
Information source

 The first stage of communication system is the

information source because a communication
system transmits information from an
information source to a destination. In fact,
information is not a physical quantity. The
physical form of information is represented by a
message that is originated by an information
source. For example, a sentence spoken by a
person is a message that contains some
information. The person, in this case, is the
information source.
Transducer
 A communication system transmits information in the form
of electrical signal or signals. If the information produced
by the source is not in an electrical form, you must use a
device, known as a transducer, to convert the information
into electrical form.
 A transducer is a device that converts a non-electrical
energy into its corresponding electrical energy, called
signal and vice versa. For example, during a telephone
conversation, the words spoken by a person are in the form
of sound energy. This has to be converted to its equivalent
electrical form before it is transmitted.