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Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

The document discusses the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates definite integrals and derivatives. It shows how to use the Fundamental Theorem to evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives as well as the substitution rule for integrals.

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Michelle Casayuran - Regala
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351 views8 pages

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

The document discusses the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus which relates definite integrals and derivatives. It shows how to use the Fundamental Theorem to evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives as well as the substitution rule for integrals.

Uploaded by

Michelle Casayuran - Regala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF

CALCULUS
Learning Objectives
1. illustrate the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
2. compute the definite integral of a function using the
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
3. illustrate the Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals
4. compute the definite integral of a function using the
Substitution Rule
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Part I)
If f is continuous on [a,b], and F is defined on [a,b] by
𝑥
𝐹 𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑎
then F'(x) = f(x) for any x ∈ [a,b].
Evaluate
𝑑 6 1
න 4 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 𝑡 + 1

𝑑 6 1 𝑑 2𝑥 1
න 4 𝑑𝑡 = − න 4 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 𝑡 + 1 𝑑𝑥 6 𝑡 + 1
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥
𝑑 𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢
=− න 4 𝑑𝑡 ∙
𝑑𝑢 6 𝑡 + 1 𝑑𝑥
𝟐
=−
𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Part II)
If f is continuous on [a,b],
and F is any antiderivative of f on [a,b], then,
𝑏
න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑏 − 𝐹(𝑎)
𝑎

Evaluate
1
න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥3
𝐹 𝑥 =
3
1
𝟏
න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =𝐹 1 −𝐹 0 =
0 𝟑
Evaluate
𝜋
4
න tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
𝜋 𝜋
4 4
න tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න (sec 2 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
0 0 𝜋ൗ
4
= tan 𝑥 − 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 0
= tan − − (tan 0 − 0)
4 4
𝝅
=𝟏−
𝟒
Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals
If g is differentiable on an open interval containing [a,b] and F
is any antiderivative of f on the range of g, then
𝑏 𝑔(𝑏)
න 𝑓 𝑔(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔′(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑔(𝑏) − 𝐹 𝑔 𝑎 =න 𝑓(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
𝑎 𝑔(𝑎)

Evaluate
2
𝑥 2 −4
න 𝑥∙𝑒 𝑑𝑥
1
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥2
− 4, then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 0 𝑢 1 𝑢 0
= න 𝑒 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒
2 −3 2
-3
1 0 1 −3 𝒆𝟑 − 𝟏
𝑒 − 𝑒 =
2 2 𝟐𝒆𝟑
Evaluate
1
6 cos 𝜋𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥
0 2 + sin 𝜋𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 2 + sin 𝜋𝑥. Then 𝑑𝑢 = (cos 𝜋𝑥) ∙ 𝜋𝑑𝑥


1 5
6 cos 𝜋𝑥 1 21 1 5ൗ
2
න 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑑𝑢 = ln 𝑢
0 2 + sin 𝜋𝑥 𝜋 2 𝑢 𝜋 2
1 5 𝟏 𝟓
= ln − ln 2 = 𝐥𝐧
𝜋 2 𝝅 𝟒

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