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EPC431 2019 Present 1 - Introduction To Robotics

The document discusses the history and development of robotics, including the origins of the words 'robot' and 'robotics'. It describes some of the earliest robots from the 1800s and introduces important figures like Karel Capek and Isaac Asimov. It also outlines different types of robots and their uses in industrial and other settings.

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Shameen Shazwana
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34 views19 pages

EPC431 2019 Present 1 - Introduction To Robotics

The document discusses the history and development of robotics, including the origins of the words 'robot' and 'robotics'. It describes some of the earliest robots from the 1800s and introduces important figures like Karel Capek and Isaac Asimov. It also outlines different types of robots and their uses in industrial and other settings.

Uploaded by

Shameen Shazwana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EPC431 ROBOTICS

AND AUTOMATION

INTRODUCTION TO
Robotics

Robotic
History

Robotic
Technology

Types of
Robots
What is a Robot…?
A re-programmable, multifunctional,
automatic industrial machine designed to
replace human in hazardous work. It can be
used as :-
•An automatic machine sweeper
•An automatic car for a child to play with
•A machine removing mines in a war field
•In space
•In military , and many more..
Robotics is science of designing or building an application
of robots. Simply ,Robotics may be defines as “The Study
of Robots”. The aim of robotics is to design an efficient
robot.

Robotics is needed because:-

• Speed
• Can work in hazardous/dangerous temperature
• Can do repetitive tasks
• Can do work with accuracy
 In the early 1800’s mechanical
puppets were first built in Europe, just
for entertainment value.
◦ And these were called robots since there
parts were driven by linkage and cams and
controlled by rotating drum selectors.
 In 1801 Joseph Maria Jacquard made
the next great change and invented
the automatic draw loom.
◦ The draw loom would punch cards and was
used to control the lifting of thread in
fabric factories.
◦ This was the first to be able to store a
program and control a machine.
 After that there were many small
changes in robotics but we were
slowly moving forward.
(UK Robot. 2001)

http://www.bsu.edu/web/MAWILLIAMS/history.html
 The word "Robot" comes from the 1921
play "R.U.R." (Rossum's Universal
Robots) a myth by the Czech writer
Karel Capek (pronounced "chop'ek").
◦ "Robot" comes from the Czech word
"robota", meaning "forced labor."
◦ Karel Capek died just after the German
invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1938, before
the Gestapo (the German secret police)
could get to him.
◦ The play was a great success when it
opened in the U.S.
 The word "robotics" also comes from
science fiction - it first appeared in the
short story "Runaround" (1942) by Isaac
Asimov.
◦ This story was later included in Asimov's
famous book "I, Robot."
◦ The robot stories of Isaac Asimov also
introduced the idea of a "positronic brain"
(used by the character "Data" in Star Trek) This is a robot from the 1921
and the "three laws of robotics.“ play "R.U.R." (image from the
Robot Museum web site).
The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer
Karel Capek(1890-1938) in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's
Universal Robots), published in 1920. The play begins in a
factory that makes artificial people called robots . Capek was
reportedly several times a candidate for the Nobel prize for
his works .

The word "robotics", used to describe this field of


study, was coined accidentally by the Russian –born ,
American scientist and science fiction writer, Isaac
Asimov(1920-1992) in 1940s.
Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later
added a “zeroth law”.

Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity, or,


through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm

First Law : A robot may not injure a human being, or,


through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm,
unless this would violate a higher order law

Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human


beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher
order law

Third Law : A robot must protect its own existence as


long as such protection does not conflict with a higher
order law.
 The first industrial robots were
Unimates developed by George
Devol and Joe Engelberger in the
late 50’s and early 60’s.
 The first patents was by Devol
but Engelberger formed
Unimation which was the first
market robots.
 So Engelberger has been called
the “father of robotics”.
 For a while the economic viability
of these robots proved disastrous
and thing slowed down for
robotics.
 But the industry recovered and by
the mid-80’s robotics was back
on track.
(Dowling, Kevin. 1996 )
Manipulating industrial
robot as defined in ISO
8373
An automatically
controlled,
reprogrammable,
multipurpose, manipulator
programmable in three or
more axes, which may be
either fixed in place or
mobile for use in industrial
automation applications.
Most industrial robots have at least the following five parts:

Sensors

Effectors

Actuators

Controllers

Arms
Sensor

Effector
Controller

Arm
The most common types of Robots are..
Mobile robots are of two types….

Rolling robots have wheels to move around.


They can quickly and easily search.
However they are only useful in flat areas.

Robots on legs are usually brought in when


the terrain is rocky. Most robots have at
least 4 legs; usually they have 6 or more.
Robots are not only used to explore areas or
imitate a human being. Most robots perform
repeating tasks without ever moving an inch.
Most robots are ‘working’ in industry settings
and are stationary .

Autonomous robots are self supporting


or in other words self contained. In a way
they rely on their own ‘brains’.
A person can guide a robot by remote
control. A person can perform difficult and
usually dangerous tasks without being at the
spot where the tasks are performed.

Virtual robots don’t exist in real life. Virtual


robots are just programs, building blocks of
software inside a computer.
 Going to far away planets.
 Going far down into the unknown waters and mines
where humans would be crushed.
 Giving us information that humans can't get.
 Working at places 24/7 without any salary and
food. Plus they don't get bored.
 They can perform tasks faster than humans and
much more consistently and accurately.
 Most of them are automatic so they can go around
by themselves without any human interference.

 People can lose jobs in factories.


 It needs a supply of power.
 It needs maintenance to keep it running.
 It costs money to make or buy a robot.

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