Lesson 6 - Identifying Specific Vulnerabilities

IDENTIFYING
SPECIFIC
VULNERABILITIES
OBJECTIVE
•To recognize vulnerabilities of different

elements exposed to specific hazards
ACTIVITY
• You will work in pairs

• You will be given reading materials about how the town of
Bacolor, Pampanga was buried in 1995 by redeposited lahar
derived from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on June 1991.
GUIDE QUESTIONS
• Identify the exposed elements affected by the lahar hazard,
and why these elements were vulnerable?
• How did the residents’ sense of attachment to place
significantly contribute to the residents remaining or
resettling back the town of Bacolor?
• What factors/circumstances led to the adoption of the
traditional practice of house raising by residents of Bacolor
to reclaim and protect their houses?
A TYPICAL HOUSE IN BACOLOR,
PAMPANGA
ACTIVITY: A TYPICAL HOUSE IN
BACOLOR PAMPANGA
• From your previous group of two, merge with another
group so that you become four.
• Listen to the situation on the next slide and the activity
afterwards
BACOLOR PAMPANGA
• The frame of the house including the foundation is made
from reinforced concrete, with hollow block in-fill walls.
• The roof system consists of a coco lumber roof frame and
galvanized iron roofing material.
• The partitions are constructed from wooden materials.
• The house was designed and constructed by a foreman
with no formal engineering or architectural training.
BACOLOR PAMPANGA
• There are 7 persons living inside the house which include:
– The owner of the house who is male and 34 years old
– The wife of the owner of the house who is 32 years old
– Three children aged 5, 3 and a 6-month old infant
– A 72year old female
– A 40 year old male who is wheelchair bound.
• Most of the furnishing of the house is either wooden or
plastic in construction
BACOLOR PAMPANGA
• On a 1 whole sheet of paper, analyze how founding the
house on stilts affects the vulnerability of the house, its
occupants and contents to the following hazards:
– Strong ground shaking due to an earthquake
– A fire starting from the stove in the kitchen
– Flood due to continuous and heavy rains
– Strong winds from Signal 3 or stronger typhoon
BACOLOR PAMPANGA
• Summarize your answer using the form below:
EXPOSED ELEMENT
HAZARD
HOUSE CONTENTS OCCUPANTS
Earthquake/
Strong Ground
Shaking
Fire
Flood
Typhoon
EXPOSED ELEMENT
HAZARD
Putting the house Because of stronger Putting the house on stilts will make it more
on stilts will make it shaking, there is a difficult to evacuate during a strong
Earthquake/
shake more during greater chance that the earthquake. This is
Strong
an earthquake contents of the house particularly true for the children, the PWD,
Ground
resulting in larger will be thrown around and the elderly occupant. of the house.
Shaking
earthquake forces inside the house and
acting on the house get destroyed.
Fire
Flood
Typhoon
EXCHANGE PAPERS!
EXPOSED ELEMENT
HAZARD
Earthquake/
Strong
Ground
Shaking
Putting the house Putting the house on Putting the house on stilts makes
on stilts results stilts will the house more difficult to
in reduced make it more difficult evacuate during a fire.
accessibility by fire to evacuate
Fire
fighters. the contents of the
house during a
fire making them more
vulnerable.
Flood
Typhoon
EXPOSED ELEMENT
HAZARD
Earthquake/
Strong
Ground
Shaking
Fire
The house will not Because the house is Because the house is less likely to
be reached by less likely to be reached by flood water, there is
flood waters be reached by flood likely a chance that the contents
because of its water, there is occupants will be affected by the
Flood
higher likely a chance that the flood waters.
elevation. contents
will be damaged by
flood waters.
Typhoon
EXPOSED ELEMENT
HAZARD
Earthquake/
Strong
Ground
Shaking
Fire
Flood
Putting the house on stilts makes it more The greater possibility The greater possibility
vulnerable to strong winds and typhoons of the roof being of the roof being
because the higher from the ground, the blown off during a blown off during a
greater are the wind forces. typhoons results in a typhoons results in a
Typhoon
In particular there is a greater possibility greater possibility greater possibility that
for the roof to be blown off because of that the contents will the occupants will be
the higher elevation and open windows. be affected by a affected by a typhoon.
typhoon.
PROCESSING QUESTIONS
• Does raising the house together with its occupants and

contents, make it overall more vulnerable considering it is
exposed to earthquake, fire, flood and typhoon hazards?
Why or why not?
• Suggest a measure that can be done to reduce the
vulnerability of the house, its occupants or its contents to
each of the four hazards it is exposed to.
ASSIGNMENT
• Research on the following disasters:

–July 16, 1990 Luzon Earthquake
–Typhoon Yolanda
–1990 Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo
–Typhoon Ondoy and Pepeng
ASSIGNMENT
• For each, research damages with regards to total deaths, total number of
persons affected and total economic damages.
• What specific areas where affected by the disaster?
• For each specific area, identify the major hazards.
• What were the major categories of exposed elements? For each category, give
specific examples based on facts gathered through research.
• What were the most common factors contributing the vulnerability of each of
these elements.
• Explain based on what they researched why this event ended up in a disaster
• Suggest prevention, mitigation or adaptation strategies whenever possible.
ASSIGNMENT
•In ¼ sheet of paper, differentiate

disaster, hazard and vulnerability

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IDENTIFYING

•To recognize vulnerabilities of different

• You will work in pairs

• Does raising the house together with its occupants and

• Research on the following disasters:

•In ¼ sheet of paper, differentiate

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