Play 03 Video 1 titled “What If?

” and pick
students who will answer the questions below.

• How do you feel about the video? Why?

I. OBJECTIVES
After the discussion of the lesson the learners are
expected to:
• describe the characteristics of variable; and
• differentiate the kinds of variables and their uses.
Lecturette
 Variables
To ensure objectivity in the study of an identified
problem, the researcher has to be clear as to what
variables are to be examined or investigated. A
variable is a property or characteristics that take on
different values (Kerlinger, 1986; Wiersma, 1991).
 Characteristics of Variables (Zulueta &
Costales, 2003).
1. It is an observable characteristic of a person or
objects being studied.
2. 2. It is capable of assuming several values
representing a certain category.
3. These are raw data or figures gathered by a
researcher for statistical purposes.
4. They are values that may arise from counting and
or from measurement.
5. They are the predicted values of one variable on
the basis of another correlational studies but lower
than true experiments.
 Variables according to Functional
Relationship
1. Independent Variables - this is the stimulus
variable, which is chosen by the researcher to
determine its relationship to observed
phenomena.
• This is called the cause, object and variate of
the investigation. This may be an observed
event, factor that is expected to affect another
variable.
 The example is:
• To determine the effects of National Secondary
test (NSAT) percentile rank (independent
variable) on achievement (dependent variable),
he takes a group of students with high NSAT
percentile rank and observes their achievement.
Likewise, he takes another group of students with
low NSAT percentile rank and also observes their
achievement. The NSAT percentile rank is the
independent variable because it is the stimulus
variable that is manipulated.
• To ascertain the effect of educational
qualification (EQ) on performance, he takes a
group of high EQ teachers and observes their
performance. Educational qualification is
independent variable because it is
manipulated.
Suppose we have the equation y = 3 + 2 x. The
equation means that, for every value of x, there
is a corresponding value of y. here, y, is the
dependent variable, and x is the independent
variable. In general, we can write the
relationship as y = f (x), which means that the
value of y depends on the value of x.
2. Dependent Variable - this is the response
variable, which is observed and measured to
determine the effect of the independent
variable. This is sometimes called effect, results,
criterion in the study. It is the observed event,
factor that is expected to be affected by the
independent variable.
The example is:
• A researcher wishes to determine the effect of
National Secondary aptitude Test (NSAT)
percentile rank or achievement. He takes a
group of students with high NSAT percentile
rank and observes their achievement. The
dependent variable is achievement because it
changes when the independent variable (NSAT
percentile rank) varies.
• An investigator wants to determine the effect
of educational qualification (EQ) on
performance. He takes a group of high EQ
teachers and observe their performance. In
this example, the dependent variable is
performance because it changes as a result of
variation in EQ. If EQ is high, what happen to
performance? If EQ is low, what happens to
performance?
 Elaborate
Identify the Independent and
Dependent Variable in the following
Research Title
1. Organizational Commitment and Teaching
Performance of Elementary Teachers in the
District of Pililla, Rizal
2. Conceptual, Interpersonal, and Technical
Skills of Bank Managers: Their Relationship to
Operational Efficiency
3. Increasing Mathematics Achievement
Through Contextualized and Localized Materials
4. Impact of Blended Learning on Student
Achievement in Social Studies
5. Effectiveness of Exposing Students in
Classical Music on Reading Comprehension
Quiz # 4
I. True or False
1. A variable may not vary in a study
2. The independent variable is the
variable predicted.
Multiple Choice
Write the letter of the correct answer.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about research
variables?
A. It is capable of assuming several values
representing a certain category.
B. It is a characteristic of a person or objects being
studied which cannot be observed.
C. These are edited data or figures gathered by a
researcher for statistical purposes.
D. They are values that will never arise from
counting and or from measurement.
4. In a certain study, a group of students was
subjected to aroma therapy using essential oils
while reading and another group read under
normal conditions, then after a month both groups
took a reading comprehension test. In this case,
what is the dependent variable?
A. Reading comprehension test score
B. Exposure to aroma therapy
C. Group of students
D. Essential oils
5. What is the independent variable in the study
titled “Occupational Preferences and Emotional
Profile of Middle - Level Bank Military Officers with
Implication for choices of satisfying post retirement
careers”?
A. Satisfaction in post-retirement careers
B. Occupational preferences
C. Bank military officers
D. Level of the bank military officers
 Assignment
What are the variables according to:
1. continuity of Values; and
2. scales of measurements?