Innovative Approaches To Improve Engine Efficiency Using Biodiesel As Fuel

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO IMPROVE
ENGINE EFFICIENCY USING BIODIESEL AS

FUEL
Presented By
Dr.M.PRABHAHAR
Assoc. Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
AVIT, Chennai
04-10-2018
INTRODUCTION
The diesel engines dominate in the field of commercial

transportation and agricultural machinery because of
their high thermal efficiency, good torque characteristics
and ability to cater to a wide range of applications.
Protecting global environment and concerns for long-term

energy security, increasing costs and depletions of
petroleum fuel, it becomes necessary to develop
alternative fuels like biodiesel and biomass.
• Vegetable oils have properties comparable to diesel and
can be used to run CI engines without modifications.
Vegetable oils are produced easily and renewably from
the crops.
• Use of Vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly

inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to
their high viscosity.
• The performance of a vegetable oil fuelled diesel engine

can be improved by modifying them through
transesterification process, known as bio diesel.
NEED FOR BIODIESEL
• Biodiesel can be used in the existing diesel engine without
any modifications.
• Biodiesel is made entirely from vegetable sources; it does not

contain any sulphur, aromatic hydrocarbons. It is renewable in
nature.
• Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel, emissions of carbon

monoxide and smoke emission tend to reduce.
• The use of biodiesel can extend the life of diesel engines

because it is more lubricating than petroleum diesel fuel.
ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
•Increased energy self–sufficiency for importing countries.
•Biodiesel is non-toxic and essentially free of sulphur and

aromatics.
•Bio-degradability and improved air quality.
•The emissions smell better.
•It is produced domestically.

OBJECTIVES
To improve the performance, emissions and combustion

characteristics of a diesel engine with bio diesel as fuel,
the following approaches are essential.
• a) Operational parameter improvement
• b) LHR Techniques
• c) Fuel Chemical Properties improvement

OPERATIONAL PARAMETER
IMPROVEMENT
The practical methods and new technology that help
in increasing the efficiency of the internal
combustion engines are as follows:
• Regenerative braking: As braking a car or

automobile wastes the kinetic energy in the form of
heat, regenerative braking is ideal method when
you want to brake your vehicle to control speed
(like when going downhill). In this electromagnetic
braking is done as small motors absorb the energy
and convert it into battery energy.
• Variable Injection Timing: This is already
used in Maritime engines. At low loads and
speeds, the injection is advanced allowing
same mean effective pressure to be
maintained. This not only increases the
efficiency of the engine as the scavenge
pressure is maintained, it also allows for lower
quality fuel to be burnt.
• Variable valve timing: In this method the
exhaust and inlet valves opening and closing
time can be varied, affecting the efficiency of
the engine. This method can increase the
efficiency by 4 to 5%.
• Cutting off cylinders: In large engines in
cruising or going downhill, half of the
cylinders can be cut off thus reducing fuel
demand. It cannot be done on small
engines as the engine would become
rough.
• Turbochargers: A turbocharger is an
exhaust gas recovery device that
increases boost air pressure thereby
optimizing combustion. It increases
• Direct Fuel Injection: Previously the fuel was
mixed with air and injected, but nowadays fuel is
directly injected into the combustion chamber
and mixing takes place according to the profile
of the combustion chamber. It increases
• Twin spark plugs and multiple injectors: As
the flame front starts from the spark plug and
proceeds outward, some fuel remains unburnt
as ejected before the flame front can reach it. In
a twin spark plug cylinder two flame fronts are
created, causing better combustion.
• Using the correct viscosity of lubricating
oil, as viscous oil can result in losses due
to friction.
• Integrated starter and generator systems:

In this system the engine is immediately
stopped when idling and started when the
accelerator is pressed.
LOW HEAT REJECTION
ENGINES
• The effect of thermal barrier coating (TBC) on the
cylinder components like piston crown top, cylinder
liner, cylinder head inside and valves has been
discussed here. The thermal barrier coated engines are
otherwise known as low heat rejection (LHR) engines.
Due to the insulation of the cylinder wall the heat
transfer through the cylinder walls to the cooling system
is reduced which change the combustion characteristics
of the diesel engine. The state of the art of the thermal
barrier coating is the plasma spray zirconia, Tio2,
Alumina, Cerium-lanthanum oxide coating
FUEL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
USE OF ADDITIVES
• Additives contains more oxygen contents added in
to the blends of biodiesel with diesel then they can
enhance the quality of combustion and leads to
complete combustion. Diethyl ether, ethanol,
methanol,and n-butanol can be used as biodiesel
additive because of their higher oxygen content.
The use of additive enhanced the performance of
engine and reduced the BSFC. Emissions such as
nitrogen dioxide carbon monoxide, particulate
matter etc will be reduced when fueled with
biodiesel additives.
ADDITION OF NANO
PARTICLES IN BIODIESEL
• Adding nanoparticles to fuel can help decomposition
of unburnt hydrocarbons and soot, reducing the
amount of these pollutants emitted in the exhaust and
reducing the amount of fuel used. It has also been
shown that nanoparticles decreases the pressure in
the combustion chamber, which reduces the
production of NOx and makes combustion reactions
more efficient. Nanoparticles can also be used as a
short-term treatment for particulate filters in diesel
engines. The nanoparticles help to clear away soot
which clogs up the filters, which can drastically
improve the performance of the filters and the
cleanliness of the exhaust emissions.
PREHEATING OF BIODIESEL
• Transesterification process reduced viscosity of
biodiesel but still it was much higher compared to
the diesel. The viscosity of fuels has important
effects on fuel droplet formation, atomization,
vaporization and fuel–air mixing process, thus
influencing the exhaust emissions and performance
parameters of the engine. Preheating process
involves heating of biodiesel before injecting it into
combustion cylinder. Biodiesel can be preheated at
different temperature of, 60°C, 90°C, 120°C, and
150°C. But it is proved that preheating temperature
for biodiesel should be 90°C.

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INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO IMPROVE

ENGINE EFFICIENCY USING BIODIESEL AS

The diesel engines dominate in the field of commercial

Protecting global environment and concerns for long-term

• Use of Vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly

• The performance of a vegetable oil fuelled diesel engine

• Biodiesel is made entirely from vegetable sources; it does not

• Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel, emissions of carbon

• The use of biodiesel can extend the life of diesel engines

•Increased energy self–sufficiency for importing countries.

•Biodiesel is non-toxic and essentially free of sulphur and

•Bio-degradability and improved air quality.

•The emissions smell better.

•It is produced domestically.

To improve the performance, emissions and combustion

• a) Operational parameter improvement

• c) Fuel Chemical Properties improvement

• Regenerative braking: As braking a car or

• Integrated starter and generator systems:

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