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To Computing: MR - Seemab Zafar

This document provides an introduction to computing concepts. It defines hardware, software, data, and information. It describes the main components of a computer system including the central processing unit (CPU), input unit, output unit, and storage unit. It explains that the CPU processes data and converts it into information using an arithmetic logic unit and control unit. The input and output units allow data to enter and exit the computer. Storage units include primary and secondary memory. The document concludes by discussing applications of computers in various fields such as science, education, medicine, engineering, entertainment, communication, business, and banking.

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Hammad Tariq
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80 views

To Computing: MR - Seemab Zafar

This document provides an introduction to computing concepts. It defines hardware, software, data, and information. It describes the main components of a computer system including the central processing unit (CPU), input unit, output unit, and storage unit. It explains that the CPU processes data and converts it into information using an arithmetic logic unit and control unit. The input and output units allow data to enter and exit the computer. Storage units include primary and secondary memory. The document concludes by discussing applications of computers in various fields such as science, education, medicine, engineering, entertainment, communication, business, and banking.

Uploaded by

Hammad Tariq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Introduction

To Computing
MR.SEEMAB ZAFAR
Basic Concepts 2

 Hardware :tangible
 Software: intangible
 Data :raw facts and figures
 Information :processed form of data
Components of a 3

Computer System
 A computer has the following main components:
• Central Processing • Input Unit
Unit (CPU)
• Output Unit • Storage Unit
Central Processing Unit 4

(CPU)
 CPU or processor is the brain of computer system that
processes data (input) and converts it into meaningful
information (output)

 Basic functions of CPU:


 It issues commands to all parts of computer system

 It controls the sequence of operations as per the stored


instructions

 It stores data and programs (instructions)

 It performs the data processing operation and sends the result


to the output unit
Parts of CPU 5

 CPU has three parts


1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
On given data it performs
 Arithmetic operations for example add, subtract
 Logical Operations for example AND, OR

2. Control Unit
 Checks the correctness of the sequence of
operations
 Controls the input/output devices
 Directs functioning of other units of CPU
Parts of CPU 6

3. Registers
 High-speed temporary memory
 Holds information like
 Data
 Instructions
 Addresses
 Intermediate results of calculations
Input Unit 7

 Input unit accepts data and instructions from the


user through input devices such as keyboard,
mouse, light pen, web cam and scanner etc. and
converts them into computer understandable
form
Output Unit 8

 This unit accepts the outputs produced by the


computer, converts them into user
understandable form and supplies the converted
results to the user through output devices
Storage Unit 9

 Storage unit comprises of two types of


memory:
1. Primary
 It holds instructions and data currently being
processed by the CPU

 CPU can access data from RAM quickly and


directly

 Expensive and Limited storage capacity

 For example RAM


Storage Unit 10

 Storage unit comprises of two types of


memory:
2. Secondary
 Used to store data and instructions

 It supplies the stored information to other units of


computer when required

 Less expensive

 Higher storage capacity

 For example Hard Disk, CD, Flash Drive


Applications of 11

Computers
 Science
 High speed and accuracy of computers allow
complex scientific analysis to be carried out
 Weather prediction
 Rocket trajectory calculation

 Education
 Learning has become much more interactive

 Online courses
Applications of 12

Computers
 Medicine and Healthcare
 Diagnosing illness

 Monitoring patients during surgery

 CT (computed tomography) scan, MRI( Magnetic resonance


imaging) scan

 Special purpose computers such as cochlear implants that enable


deaf people to hear
 Engineering
 Designing 3-D building layouts

 Robots

 Manufacturing
Applications of 13

Computers
 Entertainment
 Special effects

 Animations

 Communication
 Email

 Video chat
Applications of 14

Computers
 Business
 Sales counter (requires immediate response
from computer)

 Business forecasting

 Prepare pay bills

 Internet and email has changed the way of


doing business
Applications of 15

Computers
 Banking
 Online bill payments

 ATM (automated teller machine )


References 16

 Introduction To Computer Science by ITL


Education Solutions Limited

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