Universal NAND NOR

Universal Gate – NAND
Universal Gate – NAND

This presentation will demonstrate
• The basic function of the NAND gate.
• How a NAND gate can be used to replace an AND gate, an OR
gate, or an INVERTER gate.
• How a logic circuit implemented with AOI logic gates can be
re-implemented using only NAND gates.
• That using a single gate type, in this case NAND, will reduce
the number of integrated circuits (IC) required to implement a
logic circuit.
AOI Logic NAND Logic
More ICs = More $$ Less ICs = Less $$

NAND Gate
X
Z XYXY
Y
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
3
NAND Gate as an Inverter Gate
X X  X (Before Bubble)
X ZX
X Z
0 1
Equivalent to Inverter
1 0
4
NAND Gate as an AND Gate
XY
X
ZXYXY
Y
NAND Gate Inverter
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 0
Equivalent to AND Gate
1 0 0
1 1 1 5
NAND Gate as an OR Gate
X
X Y
Z  XY  XY  XY
Y
Inverters NAND Gate
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
Equivalent to OR Gate
1 0 1
1 1 1 6
NAND Gate Equivalent to AOI Gates
AND OR INVERTER
7
Process for NAND Implementation
1. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design with
AOI logic.
2. In the AOI implementation, identify and replace every
AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its NAND equivalent.
3. Redraw the circuit.
4. Identify and eliminate any double inversions (i.e., back-to-
back inverters).
5. Redraw the final circuit.
8
NAND Implementation
Example:
Design a NAND Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the AOI circuit
shown below.
BC A C
9
NAND Implementation
Solution – Step 2
Identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its
NAND equivalent.
10
NAND Implementation
Solution – Step 3
Redraw the circuit.
11
NAND Implementation
Solution – Step 4
Identify and eliminate any double inversions.
12
NAND Implementation
Solution – Step 5
Redraw the circuit.
13
Proof of Equivalence
C BC
BCAC
Z BCAC
AC
Z BC AC 14
AOI vs. NAND
IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs

74LS04 1 6 1 74LS00 4 4 1
74LS08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 1
74LS32 1 4 1
15
Total Number of ICs → 3
Universal Gate – NOR
Universal Gate – NOR
This presentation will demonstrate…
• The basic function of the NOR gate.
• How an NOR gate can be using to replace an AND gate, an OR
gate or an INVERTER gate.
• How a logic circuit implemented with AOI logic gates could be
re-implemented using only NOR gates
• That using a single gate type, in this case NOR, will reduce the
number of integrated circuits (IC) required to implement a
logic circuit.
AOI Logic NOR Logic
17
More ICs = More $$ Less ICs = Less $$

NOR Gate
X
Z XYX Y
Y
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
18
NOR Gate as an Inverter Gate
X  X  X (Before Bubble)
X ZX
X Z
0 1
Equivalent to Inverter
1 0
19
NOR Gate as an OR Gate
XY
X
Z  XY XY
Y
NOR Gate “Inverter”
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
Equivalent to OR Gate
1 0 1
1 1 1 20
NOR Gate as an AND Gate
X
X Y
Z XYXY XY
Y
“Inverters” NOR Gate
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 0
Equivalent to AND Gate
1 0 0
1 1 1 21
NOR Gate Equivalent of AOI Gates
AND OR INVERTER
22
Process for NOR Implementation
1. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design with
AOI logic.
2. In the AOI implementation, identify and replace every
AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its NOR equivalent.
3. Redraw the circuit.
4. Identify and eliminate any double inversions. (i.e. back-to-
back inverters)
5. Redraw the final circuit.
23
NOR Implementation
Example:
Design a NOR Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the AOI circuit
shown below.
BC A C
24
NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 2
Identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its
NAND equivalent.
25
NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 3
Redraw Circuit.
26
NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 4
Identify and eliminate any double inversions.
27
NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 5
Redraw Circuit.
28
Proof of Equivalence
BCBCBC
C
B BC AC
C
Z BC AC
BC AC 29
A
ACACAC
AOI vs NOR
IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs

74LS04 1 6 1 74LS02 7 4 2
74LS08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 2
74LS32 1 4 1
30
Total Number of ICs → 3

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Universal Gate – NAND

Universal Gate – NAND

More ICs = More $$ Less ICs = Less $$

NAND Gate Inverter

Inverters NAND Gate

Redraw the circuit.

Identify and eliminate any double inversions.

Redraw the circuit.

IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs

More ICs = More $$ Less ICs = Less $$

NOR Gate “Inverter”

“Inverters” NOR Gate

Identify and eliminate any double inversions.

IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs

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