Laguna State Polytechnic University

San Pablo City Campus

Prepared by:
Maricar P. Porcalla
MAED- EM
PHILOSOPHY
OF
EDUCATION
I. THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHY
IN EDUCATION
 There are many reasons for
believing that education is the
ultimate human task. It is the
process by which a helpless and
ignorant infant is transformed
into a human being.
 Human beings are capable of
making value judgment.
IDEALISM
REALISM
III. IDEALISM
Definition
 Idealism is a philosophy that proclaims
the spiritual nature of men and the
universe.
 Its basic viewpoint stresses important
element in life.
 It holds that the good, true, and beautiful
are permanently part of a related
coherent, orderly, and unchanging
universe.
III. IDEALISM (continuation…)
 In
Idealism all reality is reducible to
one fundamental substance – spirit.
Matter is not real. It is only the mind
that is real.

 Idealism believes in refined wisdom.

Assumption
 God is the absolute ideal and all
positive values are full realized and
enjoyed through Him.
 The self is the ultimate reality of
individual experiences.
Educational Aim
 To develop the individual spiritually,
mentally and morally.

Curricular Emphasis
Subject Matter of mind:
• Literature
• History
• Philosophy
• Religion
• Mathematics
• Arts
Teaching Methods
• Lecture-discussion Method
• Excursion
• Question Method
• Project Method

Character Development
• Imitating example of
heroes.
Role of Teachers
• Chief source of inspiration
• Creator of educational
environment

Role of School
• Agency of the society
• Thinking institution
IV. REALISM
Definition
Realism believes in the world as it is. It
is based on the view that reality is
what we observe. It believes that truth
is what we sense and observe and that
goodness is found in order of the laws
of nature. As a result, schools exist in
reveal the order of the world and
universe. Students are taught factual
information.
Nature
 Advocates that values are
dependent upon the attitudes of
the sentiment beings
experiencing them.
 Believe that investigating and
reasoning are important in any
effective adjustment to the real
world in the control of
experience.
Assumption
 Mind is like a mirror receiving images
from the physical world.
 Consciousness is not a substance, it
is an awareness of experience and
experience is a medium in which
objects and origin are related.
Educational Aim
 Gives direction and form to
individual’s basic potentialities
Curricular Emphasis
Combination of subject matter
and problem- centered concepts or
real problems towards acquisition of
desirable habits:
• Study habits
• Research skills
• Experimentation
• Analytical and critical thinking
• Application of principles
• Habit of enjoyment
Subject Areas:
• Natural Sciences
• Social Sciences
• Arts
• Poetry
• Literature
• Biography
Teaching Method
 Scientific Methods
Character Development
 Training in rules of conduct
Role of Teachers
 Help develop initiative and ability to
control their experiences
 Help realize that they can enter into
the meaning of their experiences
 The students would be taught factual
information for mastery
Role of School
 Further develop discipline
 Utilize pupil activity through
instruction
 Speak with authority
 Regard the pupil as more superior
than other objects
 Change in the school would be
perceived as a natural evolution
toward perfection of order
 V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST

PLATO ARISTOTLE
 “Every individual is born good,  Founder of realism
and is capable to sense, perceive  Invented the formal logic
and think  Notion of casualties
V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST
SOCRATES JOHN LOCKE
 “the unexamined life is not worth  “a good life was life of
living” pleasure”
 “the primary qualities of
experience exist in the
physical world”
 “the mind of the child at birth
is similar to a blank sheet of
paper upon which the world
proceeds to write its
impression”
V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST
RENE DESCARTES JOHN COMENIUS
 Father of modern philosophy  “mind is like a mirror receiving
 Famous words “ Cogito, ergo images from the outside
sum” world”
“I think, therefore I am” JOHANN HENRICH
PESTALOZZI
 Principle of Apperception
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
 He placed a special emphasis on
the learning by experience
 “man is born free but
everywhere is in chain”
VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION
Idealism is often considered a
conservative philosophy of education.
Idealistic education emphasizes the
cognitive side, intellectualism or elitist,
to the detriment of the physical and
effective side of development. Idealism
views formal education not for the
masses but for a chosen few.
VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION
 Realism holds that reality, knowledge and
value exist independent of the human kind.
For the realist, matter is real
 Realists are concerned with the necessity
of students measuring up to the standard
curriculum or external criteria of
excellence.
VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION

They believe that the “superior”