Threads and Fasteners
Lecture Objectives
• Joining of materials (Assemblies, types of assemblies)
• Fasteners (Bolt, Screws and Studs)
• Thread Nomenclature
• Thread drawing (Detailed, Schematic, Simple)
• METRIC Screw threads and UNIFIED Inch screw thread designations
Joining of Materials
• Joining is the act or process of putting or bringing things
together to make them continuous or to form a unit.
• As it applies to fabrication, joining is the process of attaching
one component, structural element, part to create an
assembly, where the assembly of component parts or
elements is required to perform functions that are needed or
desired and that cannot be achieved by a simple component
or element alone.
• Engineering applications are mostly consisted of assemblies.
Assemblies
• An assembly is a collection of manufactured parts, brought
together by joining to perform one or more than one primary
function.
Three major types of Assemblies
• Structural Assemblies
• Mechanical Assemblies
• Electrical Assemblies
Types of Assemblies
• Structural Assemblies: Primary function is to carry load (static, dynamic or both)
Ex: Building, bridges, and dams etc.
• Mechanical Assemblies: Primary function is to create, enable or permit some
desired motion or series of motion through the interaction of properly positioned,
aligned and oriented components.
Ex: Engines, gear trains, linkages, actuators etc.
• Electrical Assemblies: Primary function is to create, transmit, process or store
electromagnetic signal or stat to perform some desired function.
Ex: PCBs, motor, generator, power transformers etc.
Types of Joints
• Non-permanent (Temporary) Joints
Allows intentional disassembly w/o damaging the assembly.
• Permanent Joint:
• Doesn’t allow disassembly once applied
FASTENING TYPE
1. Permanent
Welding Gluing Riveting
FASTENING TYPE
2. Temporary
2.1 Threaded fastener
- bolts
- studs
- screws
2.2 Non-threaded fastener
- keys key
- pin
THREAD APPLICATION
1. To hold parts together.
2. To move part(s) relative to others.
Part A Part B
Part C
THREAD APPLICATION
1. To hold parts together.
2. To move part(s) relative to others.
Wood working vise Palm fruit pressing machine
Screw Thread Nomenclature
Thread Types
THREAD REPRESENTATION
1. Detailed representation
2. Schematic representation
3. Simplified representation
DETAILED REPRESENTATION
Use slanting lines to represent crest and root.
Roots and crest are drawn in sharp Vs.
External thread Internal thread
Thread runout
Pitch 60o
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
Use alternate long and short lines for representing
crests and roots of the thread, respectively.
External thread Internal thread
Root (thick line)
Pitch Crest (thin line)
SIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATION
Use thick continuous lines for representing crest
and thin continuous lines for representing root of
the thread, respectively.
External thread Internal thread
Thread runout
Pitch/2
Root
Crest
UNIFIED Threads
METRIC Threads
