Submitted to Submitted by
Madhuri Mam Umang
Introduction
RAPTOR is freely distributed as a service to the CS
education community.
It was originally developed by and for the US Air
Force Academy, Department of Computer Science.
It is free software.
RAPTOR is a flowchart-based programming
environment.
to help students visualize their algorithms and avoid
syntactic baggage.
RAPTOR programs are created visually and executed
visually by tracing the execution through the
flowchart.
Required syntax is kept to a minimum.
Website
http://raptor.martincarlisle.com/
Layout
Mode -> Novice
Run the program
Pause
Stop
Speed of running
Generate source code
Program Structure
When executing a RAPTOR program, you
begin at the Start symbol and follow the
arrows to execute the program
A RAPTOR program stops executing when
the End symbol is reached.
RAPTOR Statements/Symbols
The top four statement types:
Assignment, Call, Input, and Output
The bottom two types:
Selection and Loops
RAPTOR Variables
Description Value of X Program
When the program begins, no variables exist. In
RAPTOR, variables are automatically created
when they are first used in a statement. Undefined
The first assignment statement, X←32, assigns
the data value 32 to the variable X. 32
The next assignment statement, X←X+1,
retrieves the current value of X, 32, adds 1 to 33
it, and puts the result, 33, in the variable X.
The next assignment statement, X←X*2,
retrieves the current value of X, 33, multiplies 66
it by 2, and puts the result, 66, in the variable X.
Common errors when using variables
Input Statement/Symbol
Assignment Statement/Symbol
Variable ← Expression
Operation
Operators and Functions
Description Example
+ addition 3+4 is 7
- subtraction 3-4 is -1
- negation -3 is a negative 3
* multiplication 3*4 is 12
/ division 3/4 is 0.75
^ exponentiation, raise a number to a power 3^4 is 3*3*3*3=81
** 3**4 is 81
rem remainder (what is left over) when the right operand 10 rem 3 is 1
mod divides the left operand 10 mod 4 is 2
sqrt square root sqrt(4) is 2
log natural logarithm (base e) log(e) is 1
abs absolute value abs(-9) is 9
ceiling rounds up to a whole number ceiling(3.14159) is 4
floor rounds down to a whole number floor(9.82) is 9
sin trig sin(angle_in_radians) sin(pi/6) is 0.5
cos trig cos(angle_in_radians) cos(pi/3) is 0.5
tan trig tan(angle_in_radians) tan(pi/4) is 1.0
cot trig cotangent(angle_in_radians) cot(pi/4) is 1
arcsin trig sin-1(expression), returns radians arcsin(0.5) is pi/6
arcos trig cos-1(expression), returns radians arccos(0.5) is pi/3
arctan trig tan-1(y,x), returns radians arctan(10,3) is 1.2793
arccot trig cot-1(x,y), returns radians arccot(10,3) is 0.29145
random generates a random value in the range [1.0, 0.0) random * 100 is some value between 0 and
99.9999
Length_of returns the number of characters in a string variable Example ← "Sell now"
Length_of(Example) is 8
Procedure Call
Statement/Symbol
Examples
Read_Scores
Examples (cont.)
Calculate_Average_Score Print_Those_Above_Average
Output Statement/Symbol
Comments in RAPTOR
Sequential Program Control
in sequence Statement 1
one-after-the-other
Statement 2
Statement 3
Selection Control
Statement 1
Decision
Statement 2a Statement 2b
Statement 3
relational and logical operators
Operation Description Example
= "is equal to" 3 = 4 is No(false)
!= "is not equal to" 3 != 4 is Yes(true)
/= 3 /= 4 is Yes(true)
< "is less than" 3 < 4 is Yes(true)
<= "is less than or equal to" 3 <= 4 is Yes(true)
> "is greater than" 3 > 4 is No(false)
>= "is greater than or equal to" 3 >= 4 is No(false)
and Yes(true) if both are Yes (3 < 4) and (10 < 20)
is Yes(true)
or Yes(true) if either are Yes (3 < 4) or (10 > 20)
is Yes(true)
xor Yes(true) if the "yes/no" values Yes xor No
are not equal is Yes(true)
not Invert the logic of the value not (3 < 4)
Yes if No; No if Yes is No(false)
Selection Control Examples
Cascading Selection statements
Loop (Iteration) Control
Input Validation Loops
Counting Loops
Statements
to be
repeated
Input Loops
"Running Total" Loops
"Counting" Loops
Exercises
Write a series of RAPTOR statements that determines if X has the value 1, 2,
or 3, and prints out “ONE”, “TWO”, or “THREE” accordingly.
Write a complete program that converts between degrees Fahrenheit and
Celsius. The user must first enter the conversion that is desired (F to C or C
to F) using any means you want and then enter the value to be converted.
The formulas for conversion are:
F = 9/5 C + 32 and C = 5/9 (F – 32)
Write a complete program that plays the game of HI-LO. The program asks
one user for a number between 1 and 100 and verifies that such a number
has been entered. It then asks a second user for a guess and reads it in. If
the guess is correct a congratulation message is written to the screen and
the program ends. Otherwise the message “HI” or “LOW” is displayed (if
the guess is higher or lower) and another guess is asked for and read in.
