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Composite

This document is a term paper about composite civil engineering materials. It discusses what composites are, their motivation for use in construction, and various classifications of composites including by matrix/continuous phase (polymer, ceramic, metal), fiber reinforcement, laminar vs. flake composites. It also covers factors affecting composite properties such as distribution, concentration, orientation of reinforcement, and shape and size of reinforcement. As an example, it mentions plain Portland cement concrete being a macroscopic composite.

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Aniket Jain
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95 views8 pages

Composite

This document is a term paper about composite civil engineering materials. It discusses what composites are, their motivation for use in construction, and various classifications of composites including by matrix/continuous phase (polymer, ceramic, metal), fiber reinforcement, laminar vs. flake composites. It also covers factors affecting composite properties such as distribution, concentration, orientation of reinforcement, and shape and size of reinforcement. As an example, it mentions plain Portland cement concrete being a macroscopic composite.

Uploaded by

Aniket Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Term Paper

COMPOSITE
CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

ANIKET JAIN
2018CE10082
The need of hour is Composite
What are
Composites??
The combination of two or
materials that exhibit the
qualities that we need that may
or may not be existed in their
constituents.
The composite results in a
product which has completely
different attributes and qualities
mostly are superior than
individual qualities of its
constituents.
Motivation
◦ Indeed, Composite are used in almost every type of application starting from the construction of roads, space to the
design of integrated circuits, boats and in aeronautics. So, let us confine ourselves to civil engineering aspect only.
◦ When we saw different structures falling around and when we did not meet the criteria of our requirement during
construction. So, composite materials are necessary for a good construction.

◦ The fact that it is not widely used in constructional application is because they are expensive in comparison to traditional
constructional cost but they are very effective and useful in the design of light-weight materials compared with bulk
material of same properties. It provides high strength and stiffness to the material.
Classification of Composites
Based on particle size

Large Particle
Dispersion Strengthened

This classification is based on the size of dispersed phase


Classification Of Composites
MATRIX/CONTINUOUS PHASE
 Matrix helps in binding of dispersed phase materials.
 Transfer loads to dispersed phase
 Protects fiber from environment
 Improves Fracture resistance and impact of a component
Polymer Matrix
o Thermoset polymer – well bonded, decompose on melting instead of hardening, 3-D molecule.
o Thermoplastic polymer – formed at elevated temperature, 1-D or 2-D molecule, exaggerated melting point
o Advantage - Easy processability, Good chemical resistance, cheap, light materials
o Disadvantage – low operating temperature, weaker, inability to resist from ultraviolet light.
o Example – epoxy, polyester, and vinylester
Ceramic matrices
o Ceramic – Solid material having strong ionic bonding except in some cases
o Advantage – High Compressive strength, stable at high temperature, high melting point
o Application – bone replacement, kiln lining gas, wherever high operating temperature
o Example – Silicon carbide, carbon, etc.
Metal matrices
o Advantage - High strength, Fracture Toughness
o Withstand more elevated temperature than polymer matrix but operating temp. lower than ceramic matrices
o Vulnerable to attack by corrosion on metal.
o Example – Alloys, etc.
FIBER reinforced composite
 Fiber influences the properties of its constituents (matrix) and develop strength in it.
 Since diameter of a fiber is very small, So, strength to diameter ratio is quite high.
 Much stronger than bulk material because of very few internal attacks.
 Example – Normal fracture stress of glass is ~ 15 Kpa and that of glass fiber is ~ 3 GPa

Laminar composite
 Lamina is a thin plate like structure.
 Can be single-layer or multi-layered.
 The fibers are oriented in one direction or the other, mostly orthogonal.
 Mechanical properties are influenced by orientation of fibers.
 Fibers aligned in one direction gives more strength.
 Example – Plywood, (alternate layers having different arrangement of fiber.

Flake composite
 Used as a replacement for fiber, usually cheaper than fiber composite
 Densely packed
 Metal flakes in matrices acts as a source to conduct heat and electricity.
 Example – Glass, Mica (Aluminium as a metal flake).
FACTORS AFFECTING PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE

Distribution of fiber/reinforcement Concentration of reinforcement Orientation of reinforcement

Shape of reinforcement Size of reinforcement


MACROSCOPIC COMPOSITE
Plain Portland Cement Concrete

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