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Maths Project 2

The document discusses Cartesian products of sets, relations, and functions. It defines Cartesian products as the set of all ordered pairs (a,b) where a is in set A and b is in set B. Relations are subsets of Cartesian products that connect related elements. Functions are special relations where each element of the domain has exactly one image in the codomain. Several types of functions are described, including real-valued, identity, constant, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, and greatest integer functions.

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Shivam kumar Verma
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37K views16 pages

Maths Project 2

The document discusses Cartesian products of sets, relations, and functions. It defines Cartesian products as the set of all ordered pairs (a,b) where a is in set A and b is in set B. Relations are subsets of Cartesian products that connect related elements. Functions are special relations where each element of the domain has exactly one image in the codomain. Several types of functions are described, including real-valued, identity, constant, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, and greatest integer functions.

Uploaded by

Shivam kumar Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

CONTENT
 Cartesian product of sets
 Relations
 functions
CARTESIAN PRODUCT OF TWO SETS

 Let P and Q be the two sets then cartesian product of P and Q is


denoted by P X Q and is defined by ,

 If either P or Q is the null set, then P X Q will also be empty set,


i.e., PXQ=
 The number of elements in P X Q and Q X P are same but, the
order
of the elements are different.
• In general P X Q not equal to Q X P
 P X P X P = {(a,b,c) : a,b,c P}
Ordered pair
 A pair of element grouped together in a particular order.

Equality of two ordered pairs


 Two ordered pair are equal, if and only if the corrponding first
elements are equal and the second element are also equal.

 If A set have m elements and set B have n elements then


n(A X B) = mn elements and n(B X A) = nm elements .
Q. If (x+1,y-2)=(3,1) find the value of x and y ?

Sol. Since ordered pair are equal


therefore, x+1 = 3 and y-2=1
we get, x=2 and y=3

Q. If G={7,8} and H={5,4,2} find G X H ?

Sol. G X H={(7,5),(7,4),(7,2),(8,5),(8,4),(8,2)}
RELATIONS
o when two elements are connected with each other they form a relation.
e.g. Let A={a,b} and B={2}
sol. A X B = {(a,2),(b,2)}
Relation R={(a,b): a is a vowel, b is even number}
R={(a,2)}
o Relation is always a subset of cartesian
a
product
1
Pre-image b
2 Image
c
3
d

Here, the second element is called the image of the first element.
DOMAIN, CO-DOMAIN AND RANGE
a
1
b
A 2
B
3 c

Domain ~ set of all first elements of the ordered pair in a relation


R from a set A to set B is called the domain of the relation R .
Range ~ set of all second elements in relation R from a set A to
set B is called the range of relation R .
Co-domain ~ the whole set B is called the co-domain of the
relation R. range is a subset of co-domain.
FUNCTIONS
A relation F from a set A and set B is said to be a function, if every
element of set A has one and only one image in set B.

 Types of functions
1. Real Valued Function
a function f:A B is called a real valued set if B is a subset of
real number.
2. Identity Function
a function f:R R given by f(x)=x for each x € R is called
identity function
• Graph of identity function is a straight line.
• It passes through origin.
3. Constant function
a function f:R K given by f(x)=K for each x € R where K is constant.
it may be positive, negative or zero.

The graph of constant function is a line parallel to x-axis.


4. Polynomial function
a function f:R R given by for each
x € R where n is non-negative integer and
• is a polynomial function.
• is not a polynomial function.

since power 3/2 is not an integer

5. Rational function
a function of the type f(x)=p(x)/q(x) when p(x) and g(x) are
polynomial function of x define in the domain and where
q(x) ≠ 0
6. Modulus function
a function f:R R given by .it is also know as
absolute function.
7. Signum function
a function f:R R given by
8. Greatest integer function
a function f:R R given by f(x)=[x] is called the greatest integer function
where the integral part of x or greatest integer less than or equal to x.


Made by priyanshu and his friends

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