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254 views172 pages

By: Immad Ahmed: Lecturer Computer Science Department

spm docs

Uploaded by

Yasir Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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HTML

By: Immad Ahmed


https://sites.google.com/site/immadahmedshaikh/
Lecturer
Computer Science Department
Introduction to
HTML

2
Definitions
 W W W – World Wide Web.
 HTML – HyperText Markup Language – The
Language of Web Pages on the World Wide
Web.
HTML is a text formatting language.
 URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
 Browser – A software program which is used
to show web pages.

3
 “Normal text” surrounded by
bracketed tags that tell
browsers how to display web
pages
 Pages end with “.htm” or “.html”
 HTML Editor – A word processor
that has been specialized to
make the writing of HTML
documents more effortless.

4
Tags

 Codes enclosed in brackets


 Usually paired
<TITLE>My Web Page</TITLE>
 Not case sensitive
<TITLE> = <title> = <TITLE>

5
Choosing Text Editor

 There are many different programs that you


can use to create web documents.
 HTML Editors enable users to create
documents quickly and easily by pushing a
few buttons. Instead of entering all of the
HTML codes by hand.
 These programs will generate the HTML
Source Code for you.

6
Choosing Text Editor

 HTML Editors are excellent tools for


experienced web developers; however; it is
important that you learn and understand the
HTML language so that you can edit code
and fix “bugs” in your pages.
 For this Course, we will focus on using the
standard Microsoft Windows text editors,
NotePad. We may use also textpad.

7
Starting NotePad
NotePad is the standard text editor that
comes with the microsoft windows
operating system. To start NotePad in
windows 9x or XP follow the steps bellow:
 Click on the “Start” button located on your
Windows task bar.
 Click on “Programs” and then click on the
directory menu labeled “Accessories”.
 Locate the shortcut “NotePad” and click the
shortcut once.

8
HTML Page Creation & Editing
In this chapter you will learn to create HTML
pages with a standard text editor.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to
1. Choose a Text Editor.
2. Create a Basic Starting Document.
3. Understand and set Document Properties.
4. View Your Results in a Browser.

9
Creating a Basic Starting
Document
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Iqra University</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is what is displayed.
</BODY>
</HTML>

10
Creating a Basic Starting
Document
 The HEAD of your document point to
above window part. The TITLE of your
document appears in the very top line of
the user’s browser. If the user chooses to
“Bookmark” your page or save as a
“Favorite”; it is the TITLE that is added to
the list.
 The text in your TITLE should be as
descriptive as possible because this is
what many search engines, on the
internet, use for indexing your site.
11
Setting Document Properties

 Document properties are


controlled by attributes of the
BODY element. For example, there
are color settings for the
background color of the page, the
document’s text and different
states of links.

12
 Colors are set using “RGB” color codes, which
are, represented as hexadecimal values. Each
2-digit section of the code represents the
amount, in sequence, of red, green or blue
that forms the color. For example, a RGB
value with 00 as the first two digits has no
red in the color.

13
Main Colours

14
RGB Colour Model

15
16 Basic Colors

16
Color Codes
1. WHITE 1. #FFFFFF
2. BLACK 2. #000000
3. RED 3. #FF0000
4. GREEN 4. #00FF00
5. BLUE 5. #0000FF
6. MAGENTA 6. #FF00FF
7. CYAN 7. #00FFFF
8. YELLOW 8. #FFFF00
9. AQUAMARINE 9. #70DB93
10. BAKER’S CHOCOLATE 10. #5C3317
11. VIOLET 11. #9F5F9F
12. BRASS 12. #B5A642
13. COPPER 13. #B87333
14. PINK 14. #FF6EC7
15. ORANGE 15. #FF7F00
17
Color Codes

 If you require more information about color


values, there is an excellent site entitled
“VGDesign’s Interactive Color Cube” that
displays the background color code when you
put your cursor over a small color sample.
The Web address is :
http://www.vgdesign.com/color.html

18
The Body Element

 The BODY element of a web page is an


important element in regards to the page’s
appearance. Here are the attributes of the
BODY tag to control all the levels:
TEXT="#RRGGBB" to change the color of all
the text on the page (full page text color.)
 This element contains information about
the page’s background color, the
background image, as well as the text and
link colors.
19
Background Color
 It is very common to see web pages with their
background color set to white or some other
colors.
 To set your document’s background color,
you need to edit the <BODY> element by
adding the BGCOLOR attribute. The following
example will display a document with a white
background color:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>

20
TEXT Color

 The TEXT attribute is used to control the


color of all the normal text in the
document. The default color for text is
black. The TEXT attribute would be added
as follows:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”
TEXT=“#FF0000”></BODY>
In this example the document’s page
color is white and the text would be red.

21
These attributes control the colors of the different
link states:
1. LINK – initial appearance – default = Blue.
2. VLINK – visited link – default = Purple.
3. ALINK –active link being clicked–default= Yellow.
The Format for setting these attributes is:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF” TEXT=“#FF0000”
LINK=“#0000FF”
VLINK=“#FF00FF”
ALINK=“FFFF00”> </BODY>
22
Using Image Background
 The BODY element also gives you ability of
setting an image as the document’s
background.
 An example of a background image’s HTML
code is as follows:

<BODY BACKGROUND=“hi.gif”
BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>

23
 Once you have created your basic starting
document and set your document
properties it is a good idea to save your
file.
 To save a file, in NotePad, follow these
steps:
1. Locate and click on the menu called “File”.
2. Select the option under File Menu labeled
“Save As”.
3. In the “File Name” text box, type in the
entire name of your file (including the
extension name .html).

24
 To preview Your Work, open a web browser and
do the following:
1. Click on the menu labeled “File”.
2. Locate the menu option, “Open”.

25
3. In the “Open” dialog box, click on the
“Browse” button and locate your web
document.
4. Click “OK” once you have selected your
file.

 The web browser will load the same


document but with the new revisions.
This process is the Edit, Save and View
Cycle.

26
In this chapter you will add headings to your page,
insert paragraphs, add some breaks, and add
horizontal rules.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. List and describe the different Heading elements.
2. Use Paragraphs to add text to a document.
3. Insert breaks where necessary.
4. Add a Horizontal Rule.

27
 Inside the BODY element, heading
elements H1 through H6 are generally
used for major divisions of the document.
Headings are permitted to appear in any
order, but you will obtain the best results
when your documents are displayed in a
browser if you follow these guidelines:
1. H1: should be used as the highest level of
heading, H2 as the next highest, and so forth.
2. You should not skip heading levels: e.g., an H3
should not appear after an H1, unless there is an
H2 between them.

28
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY> Heading 1
<H1> Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> Heading 2 </H2> Heading 2
<H3> Heading 3 </H3> Heading 3
<H4> Heading 4 </H4>
Heading 4
<H5> Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> Heading 6 </H6> Heading 5
</BODY> Heading 6
</HTML>

29
 Paragraphs allow you to add text to a
document in such a way that it will
automatically adjust the end of line to suite
the window size of the browser in which it is
being displayed. Each line of text will stretch
the entire length of the window.

30
Heading 1
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD> Paragraph 1,….
<BODY></H1> Heading 1 </H1>
<P> Paragraph 1, ….</P> Heading 2
<H2> Heading 2 </H2> Paragraph 2,….
<P> Paragraph 2, ….</P>
<H3> Heading 3 </H3> Heading 3
<P> Paragraph 3, ….</P> Paragraph 3,….
<H4> Heading 4 </H4>
<P> Paragraph 4, ….</P>
Heading 4
<H5> Heading 5 </H5> Paragraph 4,….
<P> Paragraph 5, ….</P> Heading 5
<H6> Heading 6</H6> Paragraph 5,….
<P> Paragraph 6, ….</P> Heading 6
</BODY></HTML>
Paragraph 6,….

31
 Line breaks allow you to decide where the
text will break on a line or continue to the
end of the window.
 A <BR> is an empty Element, meaning that
it may contain attributes but it does not
contain content.
 The <BR> element does not have a closing
tag.

32
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Heading 1
<H1> Heading 1 </H1> Paragraph 1,….
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR> Line 2
Line 2 <BR> Line 3 <BR>….
</P>
Line 3
</BODY> ….
</HTML>

33
 The <HR> element causes the
browser to display a horizontal
line (rule) in your document.
 <HR> does not use a closing
tag, </HR>.

34
Attribute Description Default Value
Height of the rule in
SIZE 2 pixels
pixels
Width of the rule in
WIDTH pixels or percentage 100%
of screen width
Draw the rule with a Not set
NOSHADE flat look instead of a
3D look (3D look)

Aligns the line (Left,


ALIGN Center
Center, Right)
Sets a color for the
COLOR Not set
rule (IE 3.0 or later)

35
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Heading 1
<H1> Heading 1 </H1> Paragraph 1,….
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR> Line 2
Line 2 <BR>
<HR>Line 3 <BR>
________________________
</P> ___
</BODY> Line 3
</HTML>

36
Character Formatting

In this chapter you will learn how to enhance your


page with Bold, Italics, and other character
formatting options.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Change the color and size of your text.
2. Use Common Character Formatting Elements.
3. Align your text.
4. Add special characters.
5. Use other character formatting elements.

37
Bold, Italic and other Character
Formatting Elements
 <FONT SIZE=“+2”> Two sizes bigger</FONT>
 The size attribute can be set as an absolute value from
1 to 7 or as a relative value using the “+” or “-” sign.
Normal text size is 3 (from -2 to +4).
 <B> Bold </B>
 <I> Italic </I>
 <U> Underline </U>
 Color = “#RRGGBB” The COLOR attribute of the FONT
element. E.g., <FONT COLOR=“#RRGGBB”>this text has
color</FONT>
 <PRE> Preformatted </PRE> Text enclosed by PRE tags
is displayed in a mono-spaced font. Spaces and line
breaks are supported without additional elements or
special characters.
38
Bold, Italic and other Character
Formatting Elements

 <EM> Emphasis </EM> Browsers usually


display this as italics.
 <STRONG> STRONG </STRONG> Browsers
display this as bold.
 <TT> TELETYPE </TT> Text is displayed in
a mono-spaced font. A typewriter text, e.g.
fixed-width font.
 <CITE> Citation </CITE> represents a
document citation (italics). For titles of
books, films, etc. Typically displayed in
italics. (A Beginner's Guide to HTML)

39
Bold, Italic and other Character
Formatting Elements
<P> <FONT SIZE=“+1”> One One Size Larger - Normal –
Size Larger </FONT> - One Size Smaller
Normal – Bold - italics - Underlined -
<FONT SIZE=“-1”> One Size Colored
Smaller </FONT> <BR> Emphasized - Strong - Tele
<B> Bold</B> - <I> Type
italics</I> - <U>
Underlined </U> -
<FONT COLOR=“#FF0000”>
Colored </FONT> <BR>
<EM> Emphasized</EM> -
<STRONG> Strong
</STRONG> - <TT> Tele
Type </TT> <BR>

40
Alignment
 Some elements have attributes for alignment
(ALIGN) e.g. Headings, Paragraphs and
Horizontal Rules.
 The Three alignment values are : LEFT,
RIGHT, CENTER.
 <CENTER></CENTER> Will center elements.

41
Alignment

 <DIV ALIGN=“value”></DIV> Represents a


division in the document and can contain
most other element type. The alignment
attribute of the DIV element is well
supported.
 <TABLE></TABLE> Inside a TABLE,
alignment can be set for each individual cell.

42
Special Characters & Symbols

 These Characters are recognized in HTML


as they begin with an ampersand and end
with with a semi-colon e.g. &value; The
value will either be an entity name or a
standard ASCII character number. They are
called escape sequences.
 The next table represents some of the more
commonly used special characters. For a
comprehensive listing, visit the W3C’s
section on special characters at:
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/HTMLPlus/htmlplus_13.html

43
Special Characters & Symbols
Special Entity Special Entity
Character Name Character Name
Ampersand &amp; & Greater-than &gt; >
sign
Asterisk &lowast; Less-than sign &lt; <
∗∗
Cent sign &cent; ¢ Non-breaking &nbsp;
space
Copyright &copy; © Quotation mark &quot; "
Fraction one &frac14; Registration &reg; ®
qtr ¼ mark
Fraction one &frac12; Trademark sign &trade;
half ½ ™ 44
Special Characters & Symbols
 Additional escape sequences support
accented characters, such as:
 &ouml;
◦ a lowercase o with an umlaut: ö
 &ntilde;
◦ a lowercase n with a tilde: ñ
 &Egrave;
◦ an uppercase E with a grave accent: È
NOTE: Unlike the rest of HTML, the escape
sequences are case sensitive. You cannot,
for instance, use &LT; instead of &lt;.

45
Additional Character Formatting Elements

 <STRIKE> strike-through text</STRIKE>


DEL is used for STRIKE at the latest browsers
 <BIG> places text in a big font</BIG>
 <SMALL> places text in a small
font</SMALL>
 <SUB> places text in subscript position
</SUB>
 <SUP> places text in superscript style
position </SUP>

46
Example
<P><STRIKE> strike-through text </STRIKE></BR>

<BIG>places text in a big font </BIG><BR>

<SMALL> places text in a small font</SMALL><BR>

<SUB> places text in subscript position </SUB>


Normal
<SUP> places text in superscript style position
</SUP><BR> </P>

47
Lists

In this chapter you will learn how to create a variety


of lists.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Create an unordered list.
2. Create an ordered list.
3. Create a defined list.
4. Nest Lists.

48
 HTML supplies several list elements. Most list
elements are composed of one or more <LI> (List
Item) elements.
 UL : Unordered List. Items in this list start with a
list mark such as a bullet. Browsers will usually
change the list mark in nested lists.
<UL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
 List item …

 List item …
49
List Elements

 You have the choice of three bullet types:


disc(default), circle, square.
 These are controlled in Netscape Navigator by the
“TYPE” attribute for the <UL> element.
<UL TYPE=“square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
 List item …
 List item …
 List item …

50
List Elements
 OL: Ordered List. Items in this list are numbered
automatically by the browser.
<OL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
1. List item …
2. List item …
3. List item
 You have the choice of setting the TYPE Attribute
to one of five numbering styles.

51
List Elements

TYPE Numbering Styles


1 Arabic numbers 1,2,3, ……
a Lower alpha a, b, c, ……
A Upper alpha A, B, C, ……
i Lower roman i, ii, iii, ……
I Upper roman I, II, III, ……

52
List Elements

You can specify a starting number for an


ordered list.
<OL TYPE =“i”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
<P> text ….</P>
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>

53
List Elements
i. List item …
ii. List item …

Text ….

iii. List item …

54
List Elements
 DL: Definition List. This kind of list is different
from the others. Each item in a DL consists of one
or more Definition Terms (DT elements), followed
by one or more Definition Description (DD
elements).
<DL>
<DT> HTML </DT>
<DD> Hyper Text Markup Language </DD>
<DT> DOG </DT>
<DD> A human’s best friend!</DD>
</DL>

HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
DOG
A human’s best friend!
55
Nesting Lists
You can nest lists by inserting a UL, OL, etc., inside a
list item (LI).
EXample
<UL TYPE = “square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
56
What will be the output?

<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">SAFETY TIPS FOR CANOEISTS</H1>


<OL TYPE=“a” START=“2”>
<LI>Be able to swim </LI>
<LI>Wear a life jacket at all times </LI>
<LI>Don't stand up or move around. If canoe tips,
<UL>
<LI>Hang on to the canoe </LI>
<LI>Use the canoe for support and </LI>
<LI>Swim to shore
</UL> </LI>
<LI>Don't overexert yourself </LI>
<LI>Use a bow light at night </LI>
</OL>
57
The output….

58
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">SAFETY TIPS FOR
CANOEISTS</H1>
<OL TYPE="a" START="2">
<LI>Be able to swim </LI>
<LI>Wear a life jacket at all times </LI>
<LI>Don't stand up or move around. If canoe tips,
<UL>
<LI>Hang on to the canoe </LI>
<LI>Use the canoe for support What
<OL type="I" start="4">
<LI> Be careful </LI>
will
<LI> Do not look around</LI> be the
</LI> </OL> output?
<LI>Swim to shore
</UL> </LI>
<LI>Don't overexert yourself </LI>
<LI>Use a bow light at night </LI>
</OL> 59
The output….

60
Images
In this chapter you will learn about images and
how to place images in your pages.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to
1. Add images to your pages.

61
Images
 <IMG>This element defines a graphic
image on the page.
 Image File (SRC:source): This value will be a
URL (location of the image) E.g.
http://www.domain.com/dir/file.ext or
/dir/file.txt.
 Alternate Text (ALT): This is a text field that
describes an image or acts as a label. It is
displayed when they position the cursor
over a graphic image.
 Alignment (ALIGN): This allows you to align
the image on your page.

62
Images
 Width (WIDTH): is the width of the image in
pixels.
 Height (HEIGHT): is the height of the image in
pixels.
 Border (BORDER): is for a border around the
image, specified in pixels.
 HSPACE: is for Horizontal Space on both sides
of the image specified in pixels. A setting of 5
will put 5 pixels of invisible space on both
sides of the image.
 VSPACE: is for Vertical Space on top and
bottom of the image specified in pixels. A
setting of 5 will put 5 pixels of invisible space
above and bellow the image.
63
Some Examples on images
1) <IMG SRC=“jordan.gif“ border=4>
2) <IMG SRC=" jordan.gif" width="60"
height="60">
3) <IMG SRC=“jordan.gif" ALT="This is a text
that goes with the image">
4) <IMG SRC=" jordan.gif “ Hspace="30"
Vspace="10" border=20>
5) < IMG SRC =" jordan.gif“ align="left">
blast blast blast blast blast

64
Anchors, URLs and Image Maps
In this chapter you will learn about Uniform
Resource Locator, and how to add them as
Anchor or Links inside your web pages.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able
to
1. Insert links into documents.
2. Define Link Types.
3. Define URL.
4. List some commonly used URLs.
5. Plan an Image Map.

65
1) The tags used to produce links are the <A>
and </A>. The <A> tells where the link should start and
the </A> indicates where the link ends. Everything between
these two will work as a link.

2) The example below shows how to make the word


Here work as a link to yahoo.

Click <A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com">here</A>


to
go to yahoo.

66
More on LINKs
<body LINK="#C0C0C0" VLINK="#808080"
ALINK="#FF0000">
 LINK - standard link - to a page the visitor hasn't
been to yet. (standard color is blue - #0000FF).
VLINK - visited link - to a page the visitor has been
to before. (standard color is purple - #800080).
ALINK - active link - the color of the link when the
mouse is on it. (standard color is red - #FF0000).
If the programmer what to change the color
 Click <a href="http://www.yahoo.com"><font
color="FF00CC">here</font></a> to go to yahoo.

67
Internal Links
 Internal Links : Links can also be created inside large
documents to simplify navigation. Today’s world wants
to be able to get the information quickly. Internal links
can help you meet these goals.
1. Select some text at a place in the document that you
would like to create a link to, then add an anchor to link
to like this:
<A NAME=“bookmark_name”></A>
The Name attribute of an anchor element specifies a
location in the document that we link to shortly. All
NAME attributes in a document must be unique.
2. Next select the text that you would like to create as a
link to the location created above.
<A HREF=“#bookmark_name”>Go To Book Mark</A>

68
E-Mail (Electronic Mail)

E.g. mailto:[email protected]
 The type of service is identified as the mail
client program. This type of link will launch
the users mail client.
 The recipient of the message is
[email protected]
<A HREF=“mailto:[email protected]”>Send me
More Information </A>

69
Image Maps

 Image maps are images, usually in gif format that


have been divided into regions; clicking in a
region of the image cause the web surfer to be
connected to a new URL. Image maps are
graphical form of creating links between pages.
 There are two type of image maps:
Client side and server side
Both types of image maps involve a listing of co-
ordinates
that define the mapping regions and which URLs
those
coordinates are associated with. This is known as the
map
file. 70
Area Shapes Used

71
Client-Side Image Maps
 Client-side image maps (USEMAP) use a map file that
is part of the HTML document (in an element called
MAP), and is linked to the image by the Web browser.

<IMG SRC="note.GIF" Width=200 Height=200


border="5" USEMAP="#map1">
<MAP NAME="map1">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="0,0,90,90"
HREF="hi.html" ALT="see me…">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="100,100,160,160"
HREF="divPara.html" ALT="see him…" >
<AREA SHAPE="CIRCLE" COORDS="150,50,20"
HREF="house.html" ALT="see it…" >
</MAP>
We can use Poly as well as Rect……
72
 Types of Shapes
 Rect  used for squares and ordered shapes.
 Circle  used for circles.
 Poly  used for unordered shapes.
 Number of coordenations for each shape:
 Rect 4 numbers for two corners
 Circle 3 numbers for the center & R
 Poly  depends on the number of corners of the
shape( 2 numbers for each corner)

73
Tables
In this chapter you will learn that tables have many
uses in
HTML.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to:
1. Insert a table.
2. Explain a table’s attributes.
3. Edit a table.
4. Add a table header.

74
Tables
 The <TABLE></TABLE> element has four
sub-elements:
1. Table Row<TR></TR>.
2. Table Header <TH></TH>.
3. Table Data <TD></TD>.
4. Caption <CAPTION></CAPTION>.
 The table row elements usually contain
table header elements or table data
elements.

75
Tables
<table border=“1”>
<tr>
<th> Column 1 header </th>
<th> Column 2 header </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Row1, Col1 </td>
<td> Row1, Col2 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Row2, Col1 </td>
<td> Row2, Col2 </td>
</tr>
</table>

76
Tables

Column 1 Header Column 2 Header

Row1, Col1 Row1, Col2

Row2, Col1 Row2, Col2

77
Tables Attributes
 BGColor: Some browsers support
background colors in a table.
 Width: you can specify the table width as an
absolute number of pixels or a percentage
of the document width. You can set the
width for the table cells as well.
 Border: You can choose a numerical value
for the border width, which specifies the
border in pixels.
 CellSpacing: Cell Spacing represents the
space between cells and is specified in
pixels.
78
Table Attributes

 CellPadding: Cell Padding is the space


between the cell border and the cell contents
and is specified in pixels.
 Align: tables can have left, right, or center
alignment.
 Background: Background Image, will be
titled in IE3.0 and above.
 BorderColor, BorderColorDark.

79
Table Caption

 A table caption allows you to specify a line


of text that will appear centered above or
bellow the table.
<TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2>
<CAPTION ALIGN=“BOTTOM”> Label For My Table
</CAPTION>

 The Caption element has one attribute


ALIGN that can be either TOP (Above the
table) or BOTTOM (below the table).

80
Table Header

 Table Data cells are represented by the TD


element. Cells can also be TH (Table Header)
elements which results in the contents of the
table header cells appearing centered and in
bold text.

81
Table Data and Table Header
Attributes
 Colspan: Specifies how many cell columns of the table
this cell should span.
 Rowspan: Specifies how many cell rows of the table this
cell should span.
 Align: cell data can have left, right, or center alignment.
 Valign: cell data can have top, middle, or bottom
alignment.
 Width: you can specify the width as an absolute number
of pixels or a percentage of the document width.
 Height: You can specify the height as an absolute
number of pixels or a percentage of the document
height.

82
Basic Table Code
<TABLE BORDER=1 width=50%>
<CAPTION> <h1>Spare Parts <h1> </Caption>
<TR><TH>Stock Number</TH><TH>Description</TH><TH>List
Price</TH></TR>
<TR><TD bgcolor=red>3476-AB</TD><TD>76mm
Socket</TD><TD>45.00</TD></TR>
<TR><TD >3478-AB</TD><TD><font color=blue>78mm
Socket</font> </TD><TD>47.50</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>3480-AB</TD><TD>80mm
Socket</TD><TD>50.00</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

83
Table Data and Table Header Attributes

<Table border=1 cellpadding =2>


<tr> <th> Column 1 Header</th> <th> Column
2 Header</th> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan=2> Row 1 Col 1</td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan=2>Row 2 Col 1</td>
<td> Row 2 Col2</td> </tr>
<tr> <td> Row 3 Col2</td> </tr>
</table>

84
Table Data and Table Header Attributes

Column 1 Header Column 2 Header

Row 1 Col 1

Row 2 Col 2
Row 2 Col 1
Row 3 Col 2

85
Special Things to Note
 TH, TD and TR should always have end tags.
Although the end tags are formally optional, many
browsers will mess up the formatting of the table if you
omit the end tags. In particular, you should always use end
tags if you have a TABLE within a TABLE -- in this
situation, the table parser gets hopelessly confused if you
don't close your TH, TD and TR elements.
 A default TABLE has no borders
By default, tables are drawn without border lines. You
need the BORDER attribute to draw the lines.
 By default, a table is flush with the left margin
TABLEs are plopped over on the left margin. If you want
centered tables, You can either: place the table inside a
DIV element with attribute ALIGN="center".
Most current browsers also supports table alignment,
using the ALIGN attribute. Allowed values are "left", "right",
or "center", for example: <TABLE ALIGN="left">. The
values "left" and "right" float the table to the left or right of
the page, with text flow allowed around the table. This is
entirely equivalent to IMG alignment
86
What will be the output?

<TABLE BORDER width=“750”>


<TR> <TD colspan=“4” align=“center”>Page
Banner</TD></TR>

<TR> <TD rowspan=“2” width=“25%”>Nav


Links</TD><TD colspan=“2”>Feature Article</TD>
<TD rowspan=“2” width=“25%”>Linked
Ads</TD></TR>

<TR><TD width=“25%”>News Column 1 </TD> <TD


width=“25%”><News Column 2 </TD></TR>
</TABLE>

87
The Output

88
Frames
 Frames are a relatively new addition to the
HTML standard. First introduced in Netscape
Navigator 2.0.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to:
 Create a Frame based page.
 Work with the Frameset, Frame, and
Noframes elements.
 Use the attributes of the Frames elements to
control the display.
 Set Targets appropriately.
89
 A framed page is actually made up of
multiple HTML pages. There is one HTML
document that describes how to break up
the single browser window into multiple
windowpanes. Each windowpane is filled
with an HTML document.
 For Example to make a framed page with
a windowpane on the left and one on the
right requires three HTML pages.
Doc1.html and Doc2.html are the pages
that contain content. Frames.html is the
page that describes the division of the
single browser window into two
windowpanes.

90
Frames

Doc1.html Doc2.html

Doc1.html Doc2.html

Frames.html
91
Frame Page Architecture
 A <FRAMESET> element is placed in the html
document before the <BODY> element. The
<FRAMESET> describes the amount of screen
real estate given to each windowpane by
dividing the screen into ROWS or COLS.
 The <FRAMESET> will then contain <FRAME>
elements, one per division of the browser
window.
 Note: Because there is no BODY container,
FRAMESET pages can't have background
images and background colors associated with
them.
92
Frame Page Architecture
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Framed Page </TITLE>
<FRAMeSET COLS=“23%,77%”>
<FRAME SRC=“Doc1.html”>
<FRAME SRC=“Doc2.html”>
</FRAMeSET >
</HEAD>

</HTML>

93
The Diagram below is a graphical view
of the document described above

FRAMESET COLS=”23%, 77%”


FRAME FRAME

NAME= NAME=right_pane
left_pane SRC= Doc2.html
SRC=Doc1.h
tml

94
<FRAMESET> Container
<FRAMESET> : The FRAMESET element creates
divisions in the browser window in a single
direction. This allows you to define divisions as
either rows or columns.
 ROWS : Determines the size and number of
rectangular rows within a <FRAMESET>. They
are set from top of the display area to the
bottom.
Possible values are:
 Absolute pixel units, I.e. “360,120”.
 A percentage of screen height, e.g. “75%,25%”.
 Proportional values using the asterisk (*). This is
often combined with a value in pixels , e.g.
“360,*”.
 <Frameset cols=“200,20%,*,2*”>
95
Creating a Frames Page
 COLS: Determines the size and number of
rectangular columns within a <FRAMESET>.
They are set from left to right of the display
area.

Possible values are:


 Absolute pixel units, I.e. “480,160”.
 A percentage of screen width, e.g.
“75%,25%”.
 Proportional values using the asterisk (*).
This is often combined with a value in
pixels , e.g. “480,*”.

96
Creating a Frames Page
 FRAMEBORDER : Possible values 0, 1, YES, NO. A
setting of zero will create a borderless frame.
 FRAMESPACING: This attribute is specified in
pixels. If you go to borderless frames you will
need to set this value to zero as well, or you will
have a gap between your frames where the
border used to be.
 BORDER(thickness of the Frame): This attribute
specified in pixels. A setting of zero will create a
borderless frame. Default value is 5.
 BORDERCOLOR: This attribute is allows you
choose a color for your border. This attribute is
rarely used.

97
98
<FRAME>
<FRAME>: This element defines a single frame
within a frameset. There will be a FRAME element
for each division created by the FRAMESET element.
This tag has the following attributes:
 SRC: Required, as it provides the URL for the page
that will be displayed in the frame.
 NAME: Required for frames that will allow targeting
by other HTML documents. Works in conjunction
with the target attribute of the <A>, <AREA>,
<BASE>, and <FORM> tags.

99
<FRAME>
 MARGINWIDTH: Optional attribute stated in
pixels. Determines horizontal space between
the <FRAME> contents and the frame’s
borders.
 MARGINHEIGHT: Optional attribute stated in
pixels. Determines vertical space between the
<FRAME> contents and the frame’s borders.
 SCROLLING: Displays a scroll bar(s) in the
frame. Possible values are:
1. Yes – always display scroll bar(s).
2. No – never display scroll bar(s).
3. Auto – browser will decide based on frame
contents.
By default: scrolling is auto.
10
0
<FRAME>

 NORESIZE: Optional – prevents viewers from


resizing the frame. By default the user can
stretch or shrink the frame’s display by
selecting the frame’s border and moving it
up, down, left, or right.

10
1
<NOFRAMES>
 <NOFRAMES>: Frame – capable browsers ignore all
HTML within this tag including the contents of the
BODY element. This element does not have any
attributes.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Framed Page </TITLE>
</HEAD>

10
2
<NOFRAMES>
<FRAMESET COLS="23%,77%">
<FRAME SRC="" NAME="left_pane“>
<FRAME SRC="" NAME="right_pane">
<NOFRAMES>
<P> This is a Framed Page. Upgrade your browser
to support frames.</P>
</NOFRAMES></FRAMESET>

10
3
Compound FRAMESET Divisions
 In this case a second FRAMESET element will
be inserted in the place of the FRAME
element that would describe the second
row.
 The second FRAMESET element will divide
the remaining screen real estate into 2
columns.
 This nested FRAMESET will then be followed
by 2 FRAME elements to describe each of
the subsequent frame divisions created.

10
4
Compound FRAMESET Divisions
<html> <noframes>
<head> <p>
<title> Compound Frames
Page</title> Default
</head> message
<frameset rows=“120,*”> </p>
<frame src=“banner_file.html” </noframes
name”banner”>
<frameset cols=“120,*”> >
<frame src=“links_file.html” </frameset>
name=“links”> </frameset>
<frame src=“content_file.html”
name=“content”> </head>

10
5
Banner File

Links
File Contents File

106
Compound FRAMESET Divisions
Example
<HEAD>
<FRAMESET ROWS="25%,50%,25%”
<FRAME SRC="">
<FRAMESET COLS="25%,*">
<FRAME SRC="">
<FRAME SRC="">
</FRAMESET>
<FRAME SRC="">
</FRAMESET>
</HEAD>

10
7
Output

10
8
10
9
11
0
11
1
Frame Formatting
 Example:

<frameset rows=“20%, *, 20%”>


<frame src=“header.html” noresize
scrolling=no>
<frame src=“body.html”>
<frame src=“navigationbar.html” noresize
scrolling=no>
</frameset>

11
2
11
3
11
4
What do the following mean?
1) <FRAMESET COLS="2*, 3*, 5*">
2) <FRAMESET COLS="150, 20%, *, 3*">
So what are the space-allocation priorities?
Absolute pixel values are always assigned
space first, in order from left to right. These
are followed by percentage values of the
total space. Finally, proportional values are
divided based upon what space is left.

11
5
Generic Frame Formula
 The <FRAME> tag has six associated attributes:
SRC, NAME, MARGINWIDTH, MARGINHEIGHT,
SCROLLING, and NORESIZE. Here's a complete
generic FRAME:
 <FRAME SRC="url" NAME="window_name"
SCROLLING=YES|NO|AUTO
MARGINWIDTH="value" MARGINHEIGHT="value"
NORESIZE>

11
6
What will be the Output?

<FRAMESET ROWS="*, 2*, *" COLS="2*, *">


<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
</FRAMESET>

11
7
Targets
 When you use links for use in a frames environment
you will need to specify an additional attribute called
TARGET.
 The TARGET attribute uses the NAME attribute of the
FRAME element.
 If we were to place a link in doc1.html that linked to
doc3.html and we wanted doc3.html to be displayed
in the right windowpane; the HTML code would
appear in doc1.html as follows:

<A HREF=“doc3.html”
TARGET=“right_pane”>Link to Document 3
</A>
11
8
Special Targets
 There are 4 special target names that cannot be
assigned by the NAME attribute of the FRAME tag.
1. TARGET=“_top” : This loads the linked document into
the full browser window with the URL specified by the
HREF attribute. All frames disappear, leaving the new
linked page to occupy the entire window. The back is
turned on.
2. TARGET=“_blank” : Opens an unnamed new browser
window and loads the document specified in the URL
attribute into the new window (and your old window
stays open). The back is turned off. Other windows
remains on.

3. TARGET=“_self” : Loads the document in the same


window where the anchor was {Clicked}. This is the
default setting for linking elements.

4. TARGET=“_parent” : the _parent frame is a prior


frameset that the current frameset was “spawned” from.
If there isn’t one it is the browser window. The
document is loaded into the area occupied by the
columns or rows frameset containing the frame that
contains the link. The back is turned on. All windows
disappear.
11
9
If a frame contains the following link, then clicking the link
launches a new, unnamed browser display window that contains
the content defined in stuff.HTM. This can be a simple HTML
document, or an entirely new FRAMESET definition.
1. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_blank">
If a frame contains the following link, then clicking the link will
simply cause the frame which contains the link to clear, and its
content will be replaced with whatever is in stuff.htm.
2. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_self">
If a frame contains the following link, the frameset that contains
the frame that contains this link will be replaced by stuff.HTM.
3. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_parent">
Finally, if a frame contains the following link, clicking the link
replaces the entire browser window with the contents of
stuff.HTM.
4. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_top">
12
0
Targeting links to frames
The TARGET attribute allows you to specify the frame into which a page
is to be loaded into in a frames setting.

<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“_self”> [Chapter 1]</A>


<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“_parent”> [Chapter 2]</A>

Parent window chap1.html Learning HTML


[Chapter 1][Chapter 2][Chapter 3]

chap2.html

12
1
Targeting links to frames

The TARGET attribute allows you to specify the frame into which a
page is to be loaded into in a frames setting.

<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 1]</A>


<A HREF=“chap2.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 2]</A>
<A HREF=“chap3.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 3]</A>

chap1.html Learning HTML


[Chapter 1][Chapter 2][Chapter 3]

chap2.html

chap3.html

12
2
Forms
 Forms add the ability to web pages to not only provide
the person viewing the document with dynamic
information but also to obtain information from the
person viewing it, and process the information.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Create a FORM.
2. Add elements to a FORM.
3. Define CGI (Common Gateway Interface).
4. Describe the purpose of a CGI Application.
5. Specify an action for the FORM.
 Forms work in all browsers.
 Forms are Platform Independent.

12
3
Forms
To insert a form we use the <FORM></FORM> tags. The rest of
the form elements must be inserted in between the form tags.
<HTML> <HEAD>
<TITLE> Sample Form</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=“FFFFFF”>
<FORM ACTION = http://www.xnu.com/formtest.asp>
<P> First Name: <INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” NAME=“fname”
MAXLENGTH=“50”> </P>
<P> <INPUT TYPE=“SUBMIT” NAME=“fsubmit1” VALUE=“Send
Info”> </P>
</FORM>
</BODY> </HTML>

12
4
<FORM> element attributes
 ACTION: is the URL of the CGI (Common
Gateway Interface) program that is going
to accept the data from the form, process
it, and send a response back to the
browser.
 METHOD: GET (default) or POST specifies
which HTTP method will be used to send
the form’s contents to the web server.
The CGI application should be written to
accept the data from either method.
 NAME: is a form name used by VBScript
or
JavaScripts.
 TARGET: is the target frame where the
response page will show up.
12
5
Form Elements

 Form elements have properties: Text boxes,


Password boxes, Checkboxes, Option(Radio)
buttons, Submit, Reset, File, Hidden and
Image.
 The properties are specified in the TYPE
Attribute of the HTML element
<INPUT></INPUT>.

12
6
Sami Ali

Al al-Bayt University

12
7
Form Elements
<INPUT> Element’s Properties
TYPE= Type of INPUT entry field.
NAME = Variable name passed to CGI application
VALUE= The data associated with the variable
name to be passed to the CGI application
CHECKED= Button/box checked
SIZE= Number of visible characters in text field
MAXLENGHT= Maximum number of characters
accepted.

128
Text Box
 Text boxes: Used to provide input fields for
text, phone numbers, dates, etc.
<INPUT TYPE= " TEXT " >
Browser will display
Textboxes use the following attributes:
 TYPE: text.
 SIZE: determines the size of the textbox in
characters. Default=20 characters.
 MAXLENGHT : determines the maximum
number of characters that the field will accept.
 NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to
the CGI application.
 VALUE: will display its contents as the default
value. 12
9
Example on Text Box
<TITLE>Form_Text_Type</TITLE>
</HEAD> <BODY>
<h1> <font color=blue>Please enter the following
bioData</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome1" Method= " get " Action= " URL "
>
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="FName"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
Last Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="LName"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
Nationality: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="Country"
SIZE="25" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
The Phone Number: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="Phone"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="12"><BR>
</FORM> </BODY> </HTML>
13
0
Output

13
1
Password
Password: Used to allow entry of passwords.
<INPUT TYPE= " PASSWORD " >
Browser will display
Text typed in a password box is starred out in the
browser
display.
Password boxes use the following attributes:
 TYPE: password.

 SIZE: determines the size of the textbox in characters.

 MAXLENGHT: determines the maximum size of the


password in characters.
 NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
 VALUE: is usually blank. 13
2
Example on Password Box
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>Form_Password_Type</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1> <font color=red>To Access, Please
enter:</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome2" Action="url"
method="get">
User Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Name="FName"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
Password: <INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD"
NAME="PWord" value="" SIZE="15”
MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
</FORM></BODY> </HTML> 13
3
Output

13
4
Hidden
 Hidden: Used to send data to the CGI
application that you don’t want the web
surfer to see, change or have to enter but is
necessary for the application to process the
form correctly.
<INPUT TYPE=“HIDDEN”>
Nothing is displayed in the browser.
Hidden inputs have the following attributes:
 TYPE: hidden.
 NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent
to the CGI application.
 VALUE: is usually set a value expected by the
CGI application.
13
5
Check Box
 Check Box: Check boxes allow the users to select
more than one option.
<INPUT TYPE=“CHECKBOX”>
Browser will display

Checkboxes have the following attributes:


 TYPE: checkbox.
 CHECKED: is blank or CHECKED as the initial
status.
 NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
 VALUE: is usually set to a value.

13
6
<HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>CheckBoxType</TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1> <font color=green>Please check one of the
following</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome3" Action="url" method="get">
<font color=red> Select Country: </font><BR>
jordan:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="country"
CHECKED><BR>
Yemen<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="country"><BR>
Qatar:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="country"><BR>
<BR>
<font color=blue>Select Language:</font><BR>
Arabic:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="language"
CHECKED><BR> English:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox"
Name="language"><BR>
French:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="language">
<BR></FORM> </BODY></HTML> 13
7
Output

13
8
Radio Button
 Radio Button: Radio buttons allow the users to
select
only one option.
<INPUT TYPE=“RADIO”>
Browser will display

Radio buttons have the following attributes:


 TYPE: radio.
 CHECKED: is blank or CHECKED as the initial
status. Only one radio button can be
checked
 NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
 VALUE: usually has a set value.

13
9
<HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>CheckBoxType</TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1> <font color=green>Please check one of the
following</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome3" Action="url" method="get">
<font color=red> Select Country: </font><BR>
jordan:<INPUT TYPE= "RADIO" Name="country"
CHECKED><BR>
Yemen<INPUT TYPE="RADIO " Name="country"><BR>
Qatar:<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" Name="country"><BR>
<BR>
<font color=blue>Select Language:</font><BR>
Arabic:<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" Name="language"
CHECKED><BR> English:<INPUT TYPE=" RADIO "
Name="language"><BR>
French:<INPUT TYPE=" RADIO " Name="language">
<BR></FORM> </BODY></HTML>
14
0
14
1
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>RADIOBox</TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY>
Form #1:
<FORM>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="choice" VALUE="one"> Yes.
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="choice" VALUE="two"> No.
</FORM>
<HR color=red size="10" >
Form #2:
<FORM>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="choice" VALUE="three"
CHECKED> Yes.
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="choice" VALUE="four"> No.
</FORM>
</BODY></HTML>
14
2
Output

14
3
Push Button
 Push Button: This element would be used with
JavaScript to cause an action to take place.
<INPUT TYPE=“BUTTON”>
Browser will display

Push Button has the following attributes:


 TYPE: button.
 NAME: is the name of the button to be used
in scripting.
 VALUE: determines the text label on the button.

14
4
<DIV align=center><BR><BR>
<FORM>
<FONT Color=red>
<h1>Press Here to see a baby crying:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button"
VALUE="PressMe"><BR><BR>
<FONT Color=blue>
Click Here to see a baby shouting:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="ClickMe" >
<BR><BR>
<FONT Color=green>
Hit Here to see a baby eating:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="HitME" >
<BR><BR>
<FONT Color=yellow>
</FORM></DIV> 14
5
14
6
Submit Button
 Submit: Every set of Form tags requires a
Submit button. This is the element causes the
browser to send the names and values of the
other elements to the CGI Application specified
by the ACTION attribute of the FORM element.
<INPUT TYPE=“SUBMIT”>
The browser will display
Submit has the following attributes:
 TYPE: submit.
 NAME: value used by the CGI script for
processing.
 VALUE: determines the text label on the button,
usually Submit Query.
14
7
<FORM Action="URL" method="get">
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="firstName"><BR>
Family Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="LastName"><BR>
<BR>
<FONT Color=red>
Press Here to submit the data:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SubmitData " >
</FORM>

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Reset Button
 Reset: It is a good idea to include one of
these for each form where users are
entering data. It allows the surfer to clear
all the input in the form.

 <INPUT TYPE=“RESET”>

 Browser will display



 Reset buttons have the following
attributes:
 TYPE: reset.
 VALUE: determines the text label on the
button, usually Reset.
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<FORM Action="URL" method="get">
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="firstName"> <BR>
Family Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="LastName"><BR>
<BR>
<FONT Color = red>
<STRONG><font size=5>Press Here to submit
the data:</font></STRONG><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SubmitData">
<INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="Reset">
</FORM>

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Image Submit Button
 Image Submit Button: Allows you to
substitute an image for the standard submit
button.

<INPUT TYPE=“IMAGE” SRC=“jordan.gif”>

Image submit button has the following attributes:


 TYPE: Image.

 NAME: is the name of the button to be used in


scripting.
 SRC: URL of the Image file.

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File
 File Upload: You can use a file upload to allow
surfers to upload files to your web server.
 <INPUT TYPE=“FILE”>
 Browser will display

 File Upload has the following attributes:


 TYPE: file.

 SIZE: is the size of the text box in characters.

 NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the

CGI application.
 MAXLENGHT: is the maximum size of the input in
the
textbox in characters.
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<BODY bgcolor=lightblue>
<form>
<H3><font color=forestgreen>
Please attach your file here to for uploading to
My <font color =red>SERVER...<BR>

<INPUT TYPE="File" name="myFile"


size="30">

<INPUT TYPE="Submit" value="SubmitFile">


</form>
</BODY>

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Other Elements used in Forms

 <TEXTAREA></TEXTAREA>: is an
element that allows for free form text
entry.

Browser will display

Textarea has the following attributes:


 NAME: is the name of the variable to be
sent to the CGI application.
 ROWS: the number of rows to the
textbox.
 COLS: the number of columns to the
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<BODY bgcolor=lightblue>
<form>
<TEXTAREA COLS=40 ROWS=20
Name="comments" >
From observing the apathy of those
about me during flag raising I
concluded that patriotism if not
actually on the decline is at least
in a state of dormancy.
Written by Khaled Al-Fagih
</TEXTAREA>:
</form>
</BODY>
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Other Elements used in Forms
 The two following examples are
<SELECT></SELECT> elements, where
the attributes are set differently.
The Select elements attributes are:
 NAME: is the name of the variable to be
sent to the CGI application.
 SIZE: this sets the number of visible
choices.
 MULTIPLE: the presence of this attribute
signifies that the user can make multiple
selections. By default only one selection
is allowed.
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<BODY bgcolor=lightblue>
<form>
Select the cities you have visited:
<SELECT name=“list” size=5>
<option> London</option>
<option> Tokyo</option>
<option> Paris</option>
<option> New York</option>
<option> LA</option>
<option> KL</option>
</SELECT>
</form>
</BODY>
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Other Elements used in Forms

 Drop Down List:

 Name: is the name of the variable to be


sent to the CGI application.
 Size: 1.

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Other Elements used in Forms

 List Box:

 Name: is the name of the variable to be


sent to the CGI application.
 SIZE: is greater than one.

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Other Elements used in Forms

 Option
The list items are added to the <SELECT>
element by inserting
<OPTION></OPTION> elements.
The Option Element’s attributes are:
 SELECTED: When this attribute is present,
the option is selected when the
document is initially loaded. It is an error
for more than one option to be selected.
 VALUE: Specifies the value the variable
named in the select element.
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</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h2><font color=blue>What type of Computer do
you have?</font><h2>
<FORM>
<SELECT NAME="ComputerType" size=4>
<OPTION value="IBM" SELECTED> IBM</OPTION>
<OPTION value="INTEL"> INTEL</OPTION>
<OPTION value=" Apple"> Apple</OPTION>
<OPTION value="Compaq"> Compaq</OPTION>
</SELECT>
</FORM></BODY></HTML>

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<HEAD> <TITLE>SELECT with Mutiple </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h2><font color=blue>What type of Computer do
you have?</font><h2>
<FORM>
<SELECT NAME="ComputerType" size=5 multiple>
<OPTION value="IBM" > IBM</OPTION>
<OPTION value="INTEL"> INTEL</OPTION>
<OPTION value=" Apple"> Apple</OPTION>
<OPTION value="Compaq" SELECTED>
Compaq</OPTION>
<OPTION value=" other"> Other</OPTION>
</SELECT>
</FORM></BODY></HTML>
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