What is domain ?

The set of all possible values

that the variable x can take.

What is range?
The set of y - values
 DOMAIN – perfect squares

RANGE
- Square roots of the perfect squares
A = {(25, 5), (25, -5), (16,4), (16, -4),
(9,3), (9, -3), (4, 2),(4, -2)}
Relation

B = {(2, 1), (1, -1), (0, -3), (-1, -5)}

Function
• A relation - is a set of ordered
pairs between two variables x
and y
- is a set of ordered pairs
x-values are inputs, domain,
independent variable
y-values are outputs, range,
dependent variable
 What is a function?
A function of x is…a
relation in which no two
ordered pairs have the
same x-value(Larson et al,
1998)
10
DOMAIN - x values

RULE: y = 2x - 3

RANGE
- y values
Solve for y:
y = 2x-3 if x = 2,1, -1,0
f(2)= 2(2) – 3 = 1
f(1)= 2(1) – 3 = -1
f(0)= 2(0) – 3 = - 3
f(-1) = 2(-1) – 3 = -5
Ordered Pairs:
{(2, 1), (1, -1), (0, -3), (-1, -5)}
Domain : 2, 1, 0, -1 Range : 1, -1, -3, -5
d) Graph the following point on a graph.
(2, 1), (1, -1), (0, -3), (-1, -5)

(2, 1)

(1, -1)

(0, -3)

(-1, -5)
11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 15
 Is a relation a function?
•Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation

If the set of ordered pairs have different x-

coordinates,
it IS A function

If the set of ordered pairs have same x-coordinates,

it is NOT a function

•Y-coordinates have no bearing in determining

functions
11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 16
 Example 1
{(0, -5), (1, -4), ( 2, -3), ( 3, -2), (4, -1), (5, 0)}

•Is this a function?

•Hint: Look only at the x-
coordinates
YES

11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 17

 Example 2
{(–1, -7), (1, 0), ( 2, -3), (0, -8), (0, 5), (–2, -1)}

•Is this a function?

•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

NO

11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 18

Example 3
Which mapping represents a
function?
Choice One Choice Two
3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0

Choice 1
11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 19
Example 4
Which mapping represents a function?

A. B.

B
1-6 Relations and Functions 20
 Exercise 1

{(0, -5), (1, -4), ( 2, -3), ( 3, -2), (4, -1), (5, 0)}

•What is the domain?

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, 1-6
-3, -2,
Relations -1, 0}
and Functions 21
Exercise 2

Input 4 –5 0 9 –1

Output –2 7

•What is the domain?

{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?
{-2, 7} 22
• If one of the x-values
doesn’t have a pair, then the
set of ordered pairs is
NEITHER A RELATION
NOR A FUNCTION
Neither a function or a relation

-3 -5
-1 -2
0 0
2 1
4 4
5 5
 Vertical Line Test
•Vertical Line Test: a relation is a
function if a vertical line drawn through
its graph, passes through only one point.

AKA: “The Pencil Test”

Take a pencil and move it from left to
right (–x to x); if it crosses more than
one point, it is not a function

11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 27

Vertical Line Test

Would
this graph
be a
YES
function?
11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 28
Vertical Line Test

Would
this graph
be a
NO
function?
11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 29
Domain?
Range?
Function?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
Closure:
 Ordered Pairs:
(2, 1), (1, -1), (0, -3), (-1, -5)
 Domain: : 2, 1, 0, -1 Range :
 Range: 1, -1, -3, -5
 Function: yes

33
Domain?
Range?
Function?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
{(1,3), (3,4), (5,5), (7,6), (9,7)}

Domain?
Range?
Function?
{(2,3), (3,4), (5,1), (6,2), (2,4)}

Domain?
Range?
Function?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
• Find a partner and answer the activity
sheets for 15 minutes
A relation may be
viewed as equation,
ordered pairs, table,
mapping design, or
graph
a.Equation: y = 2x -3
b.Ordered pairs:
(2, 1), (1, -1), (0, -3), (-1, -5)
a.Table :
x 2 1 0 5
y 1 -1 -3 -5
d. Mapping design:
x y
2 1
1 -1
0 -3
-1 -5
(-3, -2 ), (-1, 4 ), (0, 1), (2, -5), (4, 5), (5, 0)

- -
0 2 4 5
3 1

- -
0 1 4 5
5 2
(-3, -2), (5, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 4), (2,- 5), (4, 5)

-3 -5
-1 -2
0 0
2 1
4 4
5 5
 Example 5
Which situation represents a function?

a. The items in a store to their prices

on a certain date
b. Types of fruits to their colors
There is only one price for each A fruit, such as an apple, from
different item on a certain date. the domain would be associated
The relation from items to price with more than one color, such
makes it a function. as red and green. The relation
from types of fruits to their
colors is not a function.

11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 50

• Discrete relation: A relation where the
domain is a set of individual points
• Continuous relation: A relation that can be
graphed with a line or smooth curve
 discrete
�
�
�
-7, 1, 5, 7, 8, 10�
�

�
�
�
1, 0, -7, 5, 2, 8�
�

11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 52

Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?

continuous
�
�-8,8�
�
�
� �
�
�
�-6,6�
�
�
� �
�

11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 53

Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?
continuous�
�0,45�
�
�
� �
�
�
10,70�
� �
�
� �
�

11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 54

Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?
discrete
�
-7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7 �
� �
�

{ 2, 3, 4, 5, 7}

11/09/19 16:03 1-6 Relations and Functions 55

• A function is a special kind of relation where
every input goes to exactly one output
– It’s PREDICTABLE!

*Can be written using Function Notation:

• Every input has a unique output
 Onto
• Every output has an input
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
a) Evaluate f(x)= 5x-3 for x=4

a) Graph the following point on a graph. *Label Each*

(1, 3), (-1, 0), (1/2, -4), (0, 4)
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Tom is Driving from Missouri to Georgia
and his speed varies between 0 mph and
75mph at various distances from his
starting point.

Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
The number of employees a company
had in each year from 2004 to 2009 were
25, 28, 34, 31, 27, and 29.

Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?
Domain?
Range?
Function?
One to one?
Onto?
Discrete or Continuous?