Presented By: Surabhi Prakash V Semester Computer Science

BIOLOGICAL
COMPUTERS
Presented By: Surabhi Prakash

V Semester
Computer Science
INTRODUCTION
 Growing needs of mankind-Rapid
Development.
 Rapid advancement in computer

technology will lose its momentum when
silicon chip reaches its full capacity &
miniaturization.
 Solving complex problems which today's
supercomputers are unable to perform in
stipulated period of time
WHAT COULD BE A REMEDY TO
THIS CONCERN?????
Answer to this question is :
CONTENTS
 WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL COMPUTER ?
 COMPONENTS
 CONCEPT OF BIOLOGICAL COMPUTER
 APPLICATIONS
 HOW IT WORKS ?
 CONVENTIONAL VS. BIOLOGICAL COMPUTERS
 ADVANTAGES
 LIMITATIONS
 THE FUTURE
What is Biological Computer?
Biological Computers are

computers which use synthesized
biological components to store and
manipulate data analogous to
processes in the human body.
The result is small yet faster

computer that operates with great
accuracy.
A BIOLOGICAL COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
Main biological component used in a

Biological Computer is :
 RNA
 DNA
 Protiens
RNA :
Ribonucleic Acid – an important part in
the synthesis of protein from amino
acids,
DNA:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - nucleic
acid molecule that contains the
important genetic information that
is used by the body for the
construction of cells; it's the blue
print for all living organisms
 A hereditary material found in
almost all living organisms.
 Located inside the nucleus of a

cell.
 Helps in long term storage of
information.
 Information in DNA is stored

as a
code made of four chemical
bases
(ATG&C).
How Biological
Computers Are
Introduced?????
Combinations Of DNA Strand
Spooling Of
DNA With
Precipitation
Metal Hook Or
Formation Of Of DNA
Similar Device
DNA Strands
APPLICATIONS
 Can be a general purpose tool for a variety of

problems.
 Many possible applications:
 Pattern recognition
 Cryptography
 Evaluating gene sequence

 Medical Application: ‘developing
disease’ treatments such as cancer.
 Taiwan introduced the world's first

DNA authentication chip & was used
for national identification cards in
order to crack down on frauds using
fake ID cards
 Selective cell treatment is made possible.
 The biological computer can also perform

simple mathematical calculations.
 It is especially useful in monitoring
intercellular activity including mutation of
genes.
 Biological machines can be implanted or even
built within a patient's

own cells that will act as biosensors, watching
out for disease
markers.
HOW IT WORKS ??
Biological computers are made inside a

patient's body. The researchers or doctors
merely provide the patient's body with all of
the necessary information or a "blueprint"
along which lines the biological computer
would be "manufactured.
" Once the "computer's" genetic blueprint has
been provided, the human body will start to
build it on its own using the body's natural
biological processes and the cells found in the
body.
As of today, reading signals produced by cell
activity is not yet possible due to technological
limitations. However, through the use of a tiny
implantable biological computer, these cellular
signals could easily be detected, translated and
understood using existing medical
and laboratory equipment.
HOW IT WORKS WITH
CONVENTIONAL COMPUTERS??
As with conventional computers, the biological
computer also works with
an output and an input signal. The main inputs
of the biological computer are the body's
proteins, RNA, and other specific chemicals
that are found in the human cytoplasm. The
output on the other hand
could be detected using laboratory equipment.
CONVENTIONAL VS. BIOLOGICAL
COMPUTERS
Properties CONVENTIONAL BIOLOGICAL
COMPUTERS COMPUTERS
Component Material Inorganic e.g. Biological e.g. DNA

SILICON
Processing Skill Sequential & limited Massively parallel.
massively parallel.
Current Max. 10 to the power(12) 10 to the power (14)
Operation ops/sec. ops / sec.
Quantum Effects a Yes No
Problem ?
Toxic Components ? Yes No
Energy Efficient ? No Yes

ADVANTAGES
 Parallel Computing- Biological computers are
massively parallel.
 Incredibly light weight- With only 1 LB of

DNA have more computing power than all the
computers ever made.
 Low power- The only power needed is to keep

DNA from denaturing.
 Solves Complex Problems quickly- A DNA
computer can solve hardest of problems in a
matter of weeks
 Perform millions of operations simultaneously.
 Generate a complete set of potential solutions.

 Cheap, clean, readily available materials.
 Amazing ability to store information
 Efficiently handle massive amounts of

working memory.
 This not only makes the healing process
easier. It also allows the doctors to focus only
on the damaged, diseased or cancerous cells
found in the patient's body without causing
stress to other healthy and normal cells.
LIMITATIONS
 Error: Molecular operations are not perfect.
 Efficiency: How many molecules contribute?
 Encoding problem in molecules is difficult
 DNA computing involves a relatively large

amount of error.
 As size of problem grows, probability of
receiving incorrect answer eventually
becomes greater than probability of receiving
correct answer
 Reliability- There is sometime errors in the

pairing of DNA strands.
 DNA in vitro decays through time, so lab

procedures should not take too long.
THE FUTURE
 Algorithm used by Adleman for the
traveling salesman problem was simple.
As technology becomes more refined,
more efficient algorithms may be
discovered.
 DNA Manipulation technology has

rapidly improved in recent years, and
future advances may make DNA
computers more efficient.
 The University of Wisconsin is
experimenting with chip-based DNA
computers.
 Currently researchers at Harvard

University and Princeton University are
working on developing biological
computers.
Biological computer born
Living computer:
interconnected leech
neurons can add up
A computer made of
neurons taken from
leeches has been created
by US scientists
THANK YOU!!!
It will take years to develop a practical,

workable Biological Computer.
But…Let’s all hope that this DREAM comes

true!!!

Presented By: Surabhi Prakash V Semester Computer Science

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presented By: Surabhi Prakash V Semester Computer Science

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presented By: Surabhi Prakash V Semester Computer Science

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BIOLOGICAL

Presented By: Surabhi Prakash

 Rapid advancement in computer

WHAT COULD BE A REMEDY TO

 CONCEPT OF BIOLOGICAL COMPUTER

 CONVENTIONAL VS. BIOLOGICAL COMPUTERS

Biological Computers are

The result is small yet faster

Main biological component used in a

 Located inside the nucleus of a

 Information in DNA is stored

 Can be a general purpose tool for a variety of

 Many possible applications:

 Evaluating gene sequence

 Taiwan introduced the world's first

 The biological computer can also perform

built within a patient's

Biological computers are made inside a

Component Material Inorganic e.g. Biological e.g. DNA

Energy Efficient ? No Yes

 Incredibly light weight- With only 1 LB of

 Low power- The only power needed is to keep

 Perform millions of operations simultaneously.

 Generate a complete set of potential solutions.

 Amazing ability to store information

 Efficiently handle massive amounts of

 Efficiency: How many molecules contribute?

 Encoding problem in molecules is difficult

 DNA computing involves a relatively large

 Reliability- There is sometime errors in the

 DNA in vitro decays through time, so lab

 DNA Manipulation technology has

 Currently researchers at Harvard

It will take years to develop a practical,

But…Let’s all hope that this DREAM comes

You might also like