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Differentiator

This document discusses using an operational amplifier (op-amp) as a differentiator circuit. It provides three key points: 1) A differentiator circuit outputs a voltage that is proportional to the rate of change of the input voltage over time. It differentiates the input signal. 2) Applying a DC signal to a differentiator results in a zero output, while a square wave input produces output spikes at the fast rising transitions. 3) The gain of an ideal op-amp differentiator is directly proportional to frequency, increasing with rising frequency. Practical differentiators introduce feedback to increase stability at high frequencies.

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1K views16 pages

Differentiator

This document discusses using an operational amplifier (op-amp) as a differentiator circuit. It provides three key points: 1) A differentiator circuit outputs a voltage that is proportional to the rate of change of the input voltage over time. It differentiates the input signal. 2) Applying a DC signal to a differentiator results in a zero output, while a square wave input produces output spikes at the fast rising transitions. 3) The gain of an ideal op-amp differentiator is directly proportional to frequency, increasing with rising frequency. Practical differentiators introduce feedback to increase stability at high frequencies.

Uploaded by

kruthikah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPAMP AS DIFFERENTIATOR

DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER DIFFERENTIATOR

A differentiator circuit is one in


Differential amplifier amplifies the
which the voltage output is directly
difference between the two input
proportional to the rate of change
signals
of the input voltage with respect to
time.
DIFFERENTIATOR

If you apply DC signal to the differentiator, If you apply square wave, which is
then the output is zero. having a very fast rising time at the
output you will get a spikes where
very fast transition happening.
OPAMP AS DIFFERENTIATOR

Here opamp is ideal, so no


current flowing inside the
opamp.
Because of this negative
feedback this node is acts like
a virtual ground. Node= 0V
Apply KCL at 0V node.
Ic = If
The current Ic through the
capacitor is,
Ic = C1 d/dt(Vin – 0V)
= C1 d/dt (Vin)

The current If through the


feedback resistor is

If = (0V - Vout) / Rf
C1 d/dt (Vin) = - Vout / Rf

Vout= - Rf C1 d/dt (Vin)

‘-’ Sign denotes a 180deg phase shift of the


output waveform Vout with respect to the
input signal.
Transfer function: WKT
|Vout / Vin| = |A| = |- Rf/ Xc| Xc = 1/ωC

|Vout / Vin| = |A| = ω Rf C

|Vout / Vin| = |A| = 2π f Rf C

Gain of the differentiator is directly proportional


to the frequency.

Frequency increases , gain also increases.


FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF DIFFERENTIATOR

At 0 frequency, the gain of the


differentiator is 0.
f0 = 1/2πRf C

At f = fo , |A| = 1 , Gain = 0dB


Gain increases at the rate of
+20dB/decade. Gain of the
differentiator cannot increase
indefinitely. It is restricted by a
open loop gain of opamp.
So maximum gain at the
differentiator is intersection point.
LIMITATIONS OF SIMPLE DIFFERENTIATOR

At high frequency,
differentiator become
unstable and break
into oscillations.
Xc get reduced at
high frequency. This
leads to low input
impedance and high
frequency sensitivity.
To overcome this , go
for practical
differentiator.
PRACTICAL DIFFERENTIATOR
PRACTICAL DIFFERENTIATOR

Introduce feedback
capacitor, further
increase the stability of
the output at high
frequency.

This circuit contains two


low pass filters.
Here two cutoff
frequencies f1and f2.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF PRACTICAL
DIFFERENTIATOR
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE

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