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    Cellular Biology

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    Lynette Guinacaran Ganiron
    The document provides information about cells and their structures. It defines cells as the basic functional units of living things and outlines the cell theory proposed by Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow. The two broad categories of cells are described as prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Key structures of animal and plant cells are defined, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles and cell wall. The structures are compared between plant and animal cells.

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    Cellular Biology

    Uploaded by

    Lynette Guinacaran Ganiron
    31 views26 pages
    The document provides information about cells and their structures. It defines cells as the basic functional units of living things and outlines the cell theory proposed by Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow. The two broad categories of cells are described as prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Key structures of animal and plant cells are defined, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles and cell wall. The structures are compared between plant and animal cells.

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    cells

    Original Title

    Cell

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    The document provides information about cells and their structures. It defines cells as the basic functional units of living things and outlines the cell theory proposed by Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow. The two broad categories of cells are described as prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Key structures of animal and plant cells are defined, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles and cell wall. The structures are compared between plant and animal cells.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views26 pages

    Cellular Biology

    Uploaded by

    Lynette Guinacaran Ganiron
    The document provides information about cells and their structures. It defines cells as the basic functional units of living things and outlines the cell theory proposed by Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow. The two broad categories of cells are described as prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Key structures of animal and plant cells are defined, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles and cell wall. The structures are compared between plant and animal cells.

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    of 26

    CELLULAR

    BIOLOGY
    DID YOU KNOW THAT…

    Egg Cell Sperm Cell


    Plasma Membrane Chloroplast

    Mitochondria Nucleus
    Is the basic structural and
    functional unit of all living
    things.
    HISTORY:
    • ROBERT HOOKE (1665)
    -used a microscope to examine
    a thin slice of cork (dead
    plant cell walls).

    - coined the term “cellulae”


    which was shortened to
    CELL.
    • MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN (1838) -BOTANIST

    All plants are made


    of cells!

    Onion skin cells


    • THEODORE SCHWANN (1838) -ZOOLOGIST
    All animals are
    made of cells!

    Human red blood cells


    • RUDOLF VIRCHOW (1855)
    All cells came
    from pre-
    existing cells!
    THE CELL THEORY
    -proposed by Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow

    1.Cell is the basic functional unit of


    an organism.
    2.All living things are made up of
    cell.
    3.Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
    2 BROAD CATEGORIES OF CELLS:
    1. Prokaryotic Cells
    2. Eukaryotic Cells
    Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
    No membrane bound With membrane bound
    organelles (e.g. Nucleus) organelles & a true Nucleus

    Bacteria, Archaea Protist, Fungi, Plants, Animals


    Animal Cell

    Plant Cell
    PARTS OF THE CELL

    • Plasma Membrane
    -selectively permeable
    - It acts as a barrier between the outside and the
    inside of the cell.
    • Golgi apparatus/bodies
    - a system of stacked, membrane bounded,
    flattened sacs involve in modifying, sorting and
    packaging macromolecules for secretion or for
    delivery to other cells.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum
    - flattened sheets, sacs and tubes of membrane
    that extend throughout the cytoplasm

    Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:


    with attached ribosomes; site of
    protein synthesis

    Smooth Endoplasmic
    Reticulum: no attached ribosomes;
    synthesize lipids
    • Cytoplasm
    - semi-fluid material in which
    cell organelles float

    • Mitochondria
    - powerhouse of the cell
    -the energy production site
    -energy used to perform cell
    activities
    • Nucleus
    -control center of the cell
    -it is where the cell’s chromosome is located

    Nuclear Membrane: double


    membrane that encloses the
    nucleus

    Nucleolus: found inside the


    nucleus which is responsible
    for making ribosomes.
    • Vacuoles
    In plants: usually have a large central vacuole which
    contains a liquid called cell sap.

    In animals: They are small vacuoles which are fluid-filled


    space enclosed by a membrane.
    • Lysosomes
    - membrane bounded vesicles that contains
    hydrolytic enzymes involved in intracellular
    digestion
    - digests old organelles, bacteria and viruses
    • Ribosomes
    -factories in cells involved in protein synthesis
    • Cell Wall
    - surrounds the cell surface membrane
    -rigid wall which gives the shape of the plant cell
    -protects the cell from injury
    -it is made up of cellulose
    • Chloroplast
    - found only in plant cells
    - contains a green pigment
    called chlorophyll which is
    essential for photosynthesis,
    the food making process of
    plants.
    • Centrioles
    - are cylindrical shaped cellular organelles
    - important in cell division
    • Cytoskeleton
    -arrays of protein filaments that form
    networks that give the cell its shape and
    provide a basis for its movements
    Comparing Plant and Animal Cell
    Cell Parts Plant Cell Animal Cell
    Plasma Membrane Present Present
    Golgi bodies Present Present
    Endoplasmic Reticulum Present Present
    Cytoplasm Present Present
    Mitochondria Present Present
    Nucleus Present Present
    Vacuole Present (large) Present (small)
    Lysosome Absent Present
    Ribosomes Present Present
    Cell wall Present Absent
    Chloroplast Present Absent
    Centrioles Absent Present
    Cytoskeleton Present Present

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