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Reported by:John Michael Diza Report time:xxx

 Directories
 Files & Folders
 Recycle Bin
 Directories
• In computing, a directory is a file system
cataloging structure which contains references
to other computer files, and possibly other
directories. On many computers, directories are
known as folders, or drawers,[1] analogous to a
workbench or the traditional office filing
cabinet.
• Directories are found in a hierarchical file
system, such as Linux, MS-DOS, OS/2, and Unix.
If you are Tip
using an
operating In a GUI such
system with as Microsoft
multiple user Windows,
accounts, the directories
directory are referred
may also be to as folders.
referred to as However, a
a home directory
directory. and folder
are
synonymous
.
Page Contents
• Overview of a directory • What is the purpose of
and path.
a directory?
• Overview of a Linux
directory path. • What type of files can
• How do I list or view be stored in a
directories? directory?
• How to change a
directory. • Invalid directory
• How to make a directory. characters.
• How to delete a
directory.
 Overview of a
directory and path
Overview of a Linux
directory path
How do I list or view
directories?
 To see directories:
To see directories and • See the dir command
files in the current MS- page for further
DOS directory, use the information and
dir command. In Linux examples on this
to view directories and command.
files in the current • See the ls command
directory, you'd use the page for information
ls command. and examples on this
Tip
command.
Both of the above commands also have
switches that can be added to them to only
view directories and not directories and
files.
How to change a
directory?
To change a directory in MS-DOS, Linux, Unix,
and most other command line operating
systems, use the "cd" command.
How to make a
directory?
To make a directory in MS-DOS,
Linux, Unix, and most other
command line operating systems,
use the "mkdir" command.
How to delete a
directory?
To remove a directory in MS-DOS,
use the "rmdir" command. In Linux
and Unix, use the "rm -r" command.
What is the purpose
of a directory?
A directory is used to store, organize, and
separate files and directories on a computer.
By storing specific types of files in a folder, you
could quickly get to the type of file you wanted to
view. In other words, if you wanted to find a
picture, you could open the pictures directory
and find it a lot faster than you could if all your
files were stored in the same directory.
Directories are also used as a place to store
programs. By storing a program in its own directory,
it helps prevent files with the same name from
getting overwritten, modified, or deleted by other
programs.
What type of files can be
stored in a directory?
A directory can contain one or more files of any type
and can even store other directories with their own
files.
Invalid directory
characters
When creating directories, if any of these characters
are used, you'll receive an error or encounter other
problems.
Files & Folders
What are Files and Folders?
• All data and programs are stored in a
computer as files and folders.
• Folders are containers (holder) of files.
• Files and Folders can appear at any level,
similar to a family tree.
• It has a path because you are taking exact
path to find this file.
 Folder
File
Changing the View
• Display the folders or files in different views
• Thumbnails
• Files
• Icons
• List
• Details
• Filmstrip
Creating Folders
• You can File, New, Folders
• Right click the mouse on the screen then
select, New, Folder
Changing Folder's Name
• Click on the folder
icon to select it
• Click inside folder
name to start edit
mode and change
• Right-click on the
folder and then click
on rename from the
shortcut menu
What is windows explorer?
• Program show many drives at one time per
view
• To start windows explorer:
-Click on start, then all
programs, accessories,
windows explorer
-Press window + E on
your keyboard
-Double click on windows
explorer icon on desktop
Files and Folders Properties
• Each file or folder has a property sheet,
which has number of tabs:
-General
-Sharing
-Security
-Customize
Files
• The Content Collection also stores files, which
are automatically available to the user who
added the file. To share the file with other
users, they need appropriate permissions.
Permissions, comments, and metadata
functions work the same for files as for
folders. Files include several other
management features that aren't used for
folders.
•Your institution determines the size
quota of each folder to prevent
unmanaged growth. Size quotas are
defined for each folder, but flexible to
allow some subfolders a larger quota
than others.
Folder
• A folder stores files and other folders in
the Content Collection. All folders are
contained within other folders up to the
top-level (/) folder. Entire content areas
are folders stored under the top-level
folder. Be aware that top-level folder
access is generally reserved for
administrators.
Manage files and folders
• Depending on the permissions you have for a
file or folder, you may see the following options
in the item's menu.
•

•
• If you don't see one of these options, they may
be disabled for that file or folder. Select Edit
Settings in the item's menu to change the
available options.
• Comments: Comments store text from users.
Comments are opinions or instructions
regarding the contents of an item or folder.
• Passes: Passes are created for an item to allow
anyone, even those without a user account,
controlled access to an item. When viewing
content through a pass, the viewer cannot
access other areas of the Content Collection.
Passes are a great way to share a file with
someone who is not able to access the
Content Collection by providing them direct
access to the file using an external URL.
• Permissions: Permissions are an easy way
to share content while protecting it from
unauthorized changes. Permissions enable
users to read and perform actions on
items and folders added to the Content
Collection.
The following permissions are
available within the Content
Collection:
• Read: Users have the ability to view items or
folders.
•
• Write: Users have the ability to make changes to
items and folders.
•
• Remove: Users have the ability to remove items
from the folder or the folder itself.
•
• Manage: Users have ability to control the
properties and settings of items and folders.
• Alignments: Align items or folders to goals to report
goal coverage information for this course. Content
items in the course can be aligned to current
Source Goals that have been made available in the
system. Once content has been aligned to
standards, a Course Coverage Details report can be
run from Course Reports on the Control Panel.
• Tracking: Tracking is used to view how other users
interact with an item. Tracking displays every
instance that the file was changed or read and
shows the user who took the action. Tracking is
useful for managing changes and for instructors to
verify that students have read an item.
• Versions: Versions are created to allow
collaborative work without overwriting earlier
drafts. Each draft is stored as a separate version
that can be checked out and checked in to manage
changes.
• Metadata: Metadata is added to a folder to make it
easy to find when searching and to make it easy to
identify the content in the folder by adding a
description.
Recycle Bin
• The Recycle Bin in used by Windows computers to
store deleted items. It temporarily stores files and
folders before they are permanently deleted. You
can open the Recycle Bin by double-clicking the
icon on the Windows desktop. The Recycle Bin
window allows you to delete items individually or
restore them to their original location. If you want
to permanently remove all items in the Recycle Bin,
select "Empty the Recycle Bin" in the left sidebar of
the window.
Uses of Recycle Bin
• First implemented in Windows 95, the
Recycle Bin is a special directory
where deleted files are stored in the
event that you need to recover them.
• As a computer user, use of the
Recycle Bin system is an extremely
common task that is important to
know about in order to effectively
manage files.
• The folder name of the Recycle Bin,
though, is different depending on the
version of Windows that you are
running. For example, on Windows XP
the Recycle Bin is found at
:\RECYCLER, while on Windows Vista
and Windows 7 it is located at
:\$RECYCLE.BIN\Recycle Bin.
Limitations of the Recycle Bin
• It is important to note that there are some times
when files are not placed in the Recycle Bin when
you delete them. This occurs in three different
situations. First, only files deleted from fixed disks
are sent to the Recycle Bin.
• Files deleted from removable media, such as
memory cards, USB/jump/flash drives, external
hard drives connected via USB, and floppy disks,
are not sent to the Recyle Bin, but are instead
permanently deleted.
• Also, files deleted from within
the Windows command prompt are
not sent to the Recycle Bin and are
instead deleted immediately.
Restoring Deleted Files
• The first method, is to use the restore function built
into the Recycle Bin. Select the files you wish to
restore and then either click the Restore the
selected items button on the top bar of the Recycle
Bin window, or right click and select Restore.
Alternatively, if you wish to restore every item
currently in the Recycle Bin you can click on the
Restore all items button at the top of the Recycle
Bin window.
Using the Recycle Bin's
restore function
• The second method is to simply
open the Recycle Bin, select the
files you wish to retrieve, and drag
them into another folder on your
computer.
Permanently Deleting Files
• It is important to remember that even
though these files are deleted, they are still
accessible and taking up space on your
computer's hard drive. It is possible to
permanently delete these files using two
methods depending on whether you wish to
delete specific files or every file currently in
the Recycle Bin.
Deleting Individual Files

•
• To delete specific files, select the
files you wish to delete and then
right-click and choose the Delete
option.
Emptying the Recycle Bin
• To delete every file currently in the
Recycle Bin, simply click the Empty the
Recycle Bin button at the top of the
Recycle Bin window.
Recycle Bin Options
• It is possible to configure the Recycle Bin
according to your personal tastes and needs.
These options can be accessed by clicking
the Organize tab at the top of the Recycle Bin
window, and then selecting Properties.
When the Properties window opens, please
select the tab marked General.
Conclusion
• Every Windows user should be familiar with
the Recycle Bin. Deleting files is a common
occurrence and at times you may need to
recover a file you have deleted. Properly
configured, the Recycle Bin facilitates the
easy recovery of recently deleted files from
the hard drives of your computer. Making
effective use of the Recycle Bin can
potentially save you a great deal of time and
money depending on the value of the files on
your computer system.
Thanks!!