VALIDASI PEMBERSIHAN

(CLEANING VALIDATION)
Kelompok 11
Adella Elsya 1611013007
Nafrah Wahyunit 1611013009
Helga Maurizka 1611013011
Mayang Annisa Sakila 1611013013
Adella Rahma Annisa 1611013015
 Cleaning Validation is the methodology used to
assure that a cleaning process removes residues of
the active pharmaceutical ingredients of the
product manufactured in a piece of equipment,
the cleaning aids utilized in the cleaning process
and the microbial attributes.

Abhishek Raj, 2014

 Cleaning validation is documented
evidence which provide high degree of
assurance that an approved cleaning
procedure will provide equipment that is
suitable for processing of pharmaceutical
products or API.

Abhishek Raj, 2014

ADVANTAGE OF CLEANING
VALIDATION
 Assurance of quality & safety.
 Government regulations.
 Product integrity,
 Microbial integrity,
 Cross contamination integrity,
 Batch integrity,
 Equipment reuse,
 Reduction of quality costs.
 Making good business sense.
 Less down time, fewer batch failures and may
 operate / clean more efficiently.

PharmaTutor; 2016
CLEANING MECHANISM
 Mechanical action
Refers to physical actions such as
brushing
scrubbing
pressurized water to remove particulates.
 Dissolution
involves dissolving residues with a suitable solvent. The
most common and practical solvent is water because
of its advantages: water is non-toxic, cheap, does not
leave residues, and is environment friendly. However, in
some cases it may be preferable to use a non-aqueous
solvent or a combination of both aqueous and non-
aqueous solvents due to the solubility characteristics of
the materials. Alkaline or acidic solvents, for example,
can enhance dissolution of the materials and could be
advantageous.
PharmaTutor; 2016
 Detergency
requires the use of surfactant, usually in an
aqueous system. Detergents act in four different
ways:
• wetting agents
• solubilizers
• emulsifiers, and
• dispersants.
 Chemical reactions
such as oxidation and hydrolysis in which the
residues are chemically changed. Example:
Sodium Hypochloride
PharmaTutor; 2016
CLEANING VALIDATION
PROGRAM
A. Selection of cleaning Level (Type)
B. Selection of cleaning method
C. Selection of sampling method
D. Selection of Scientific basis for the contamination
limit (acceptance criteria)
E. Selection of Worst case related to the equipment
F. Selection of Worst case related to the product
G. Establishing the storage period after cleaning
(hold time study)
H. Selection of analytical method
I. Documentation

PharmaTutor; 2016
A. SELECTION OF CLEANING
LEVEL (TYPE)
TYPE A: MINOR This type of cleaning take place
between two batches of same product or between
different strengths of the same product. For minor
cleaning, cleaning validation is not required, since
cross contamination is not an issue.
TYPE B: MAJOR This type of cleaning take place
between two products.
In this case, validation of the effectiveness of the
cleaning procedure in removing residues to the
required level is mandatory.

PharmaTutor; 2016
B. SELECTION OF CLEANING
METHOD
Clean-In-Place (CIP) Method
• Cleaning of the equipment is performed
in place without disassembling
• Cleaning process may be controlled
manually or by an automated program.
• Very consistent and reproducible
cleaning method.
• Can be validated readily.
• Being a closed system visual inspection of
all components is difficult.
PharmaTutor; 2016
 Clean-Out-Of-Place (COP) Method
• Cleaning of disassembled equipment is
performed in a central washing machine.
• The washing machine also requires
validation such as the temperature,
ultrasonic activity, cycle time, cleaning
operation sequence, detergent quantity
dispensed etc.

PharmaTutor; 2016
Manual Cleaning Method
• Difficult to validate
• Most extensive and elaborate cleaning
procedures are required.
• A high quality and extensive training program is
required. The risk involved in manual cleaning
processes is taken care of with following:
• Proper washroom design with drying, protection
and storage requirement.
• Detailed cleaning SOP
• Training / Qualification of cleaning operators
PharmaTutor; 2016
C. SELECTION OF SAMPLING
METHOD

 1. Rinse samples (indirect method)

This method is based on the analytical determination of
a sample of the last rinsing solvent (generally water)
used in the cleaning procedure
 2. Swab sampling
It is also know as direct surface sampling method. This
method is based on the physical removal of residue left
over on a piece of equipment after it has been cleaned
and dried. A swab wetted with a solvent is rubbed over
a previously determined sample surface area to remove
any potential residue, and thereafter extracted into a
known volume of solvent in which the contaminant
active ingredient residue is soluble.
PharmaTutor; 2016
D. SELECTION OF SCIENTIFIC
BASIS FOR THE
CONTAMINATION LIMIT
(ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA)
1. Approach 1 (Dose criterion)
No more than 0.1% of the normal therapeutic dose of
one product will appear in the maximum daily dose of a
subsequent product.
2. Approach 2 (10 ppm criterion)
No more than 10 ppm of one product will appear in
another product
3. Approach 3 (Visually clean criterion)
(No residue should be visible on equipment after
cleaning.) Spiking studies should determine the
concentration at which most active ingredients are
visible. This criterion may not be suitable for high
potency, lowdosage drugs.

PharmaTutor; 2016
E. SELECTION OF WORST CASE
RELATED TO THE
EQUIPMENT.
 Bracketing by equipment should be done
only when it is similar equipment, or the
same equipment in different sizes (e.g.
300-L, 500-L and 1000-L tanks). An
alternative approach may be to validate
the smallest and the largest sizes
separately.
 The worst case for a group of equipment
is represented by the equipment with the
larger product contact surface and the
hardest-to-clean locations.
PharmaTutor; 2016
F.SELECTION OF WORST CASE
RELATED TO THE
PRODUCT
 Onlyone product out of a group of
product processed in a piece of
equipment is selected for the cleaning
validation study, based on the lowest
solubility of the active ingredient and its
therapeutic dose.

PharmaTutor; 2016
G. ESTABLISHING THE STORAGE
PERIOD AFTER
CLEANING (HOLD TIME
STUDY)
 The objective for establishing time limit
between equipment cleaning and reuse
is to ensure that the equipment remains
clean till the next use. This needs
demonstration that there is no microbial
proliferation in cleaned equipments
during storage.

PharmaTutor; 2016
H. SELECTION OF ANALYTICAL
METHOD
 There are many analytical techniques available
that can be used in cleaning validation The Basic
Requirements for the Analytical Method.
1. The sensitivity of the method shall be appropriate
to the calculated contamination limit.
2. The method shall be practical and rapid, and, as
much as possible use instrumentation existing in
the company.
3. The method shall be validated in accordance
with ICH, USP and EP requirements.

PharmaTutor; 2016
1. SPECIFIC METHODS
Chromatographic methods such as GC, HPLC etc.
Thin layer chromatography
Specific ion meter
Of the above methods, chromatography methods are the methods of
choice, as they separate analytes, are highly specific, highly sensitive,
and quantitative. But the methods are costly and time consuming.
2. NON-SPECIFIC METHODS.
Spectrophotometric methods in the visible, infrared, or UV ranges
Total organic carbon (TOC)
Other Methods
For monitoring cleaning procedure TOC method is used. It offers at a
moderate cost and in addition to its rapidity, a detection capability
down to the ppb range.

PharmaTutor; 2016
I. DOCUMENTATION

1. Detailed cleaning procedure(s) are to be documented in SOPs.

2. A Cleaning Validation Protocol is required to define how the
cleaning process will be validated.
3. Depending upon the complexity of the system and cleaning
processes, the amount of documentation necessary for
executing various cleaning steps or procedures may vary.
4. When more complex cleaning procedures are required, it is
important to document the critical cleaning steps.
5. Other factors such as history of cleaning, residue levels found
after cleaning, and variability of test results may also dictate
the amount of documentation required.
6. A Final Validation Report should be prepared. The conclusions
of this report should state if the cleaning process has been
validated successfully.
7. Cleanliness can be determined). The report should be
approved by management.
PharmaTutor; 2016
REVALIDATION CRITERIA
Revalidation shall be carried out in case of following;
1. If the solubility of the new product being added is less
than the previously considered worst-case product.
2. If the potency of the new drug is lower than the previous
worst case product.
3. Change or any major modification to the equipment,
which has significant effect on the contact surface area.
4. Change in cleaning agent or its concentration wherever
applicable.
5. Change in cleaning procedure (SOP).
6. Failure during routine monitoring.

PharmaTutor; 2016
VALIDATION REPORTS
The report should include the following:
1. Summary of or reference to the procedures used to clean, sample and
test.
2. Physical and analytical test results or references for same, as well as any
pertinent observations.
3. Conclusions regarding the acceptability of the results, and the status of
the procedure(s) being validated.
4. Any recommendations based on the results or relevant information
obtained during the study including revalidation practices if applicable.
5. Approval of conclusions.
6. Review any deviations for the protocol that occurred.
7. In cases where it is unlikely that further batches of the product will be
manufactured for a period of time it is advisable to generate interim
reports on a batch by batch basis until such time as the cleaning
validation study has been completed.

PharmaTutor; 2016
 11/5/2019

Strategy on cleaning validation

 Product contact surfaces
 After product changeover
 Between batches in campaigns
 Bracketing products for cleaning validation
 Periodic re-evaluation and revalidation
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Cleaning validation protocol (1)

Should include :
 Objective of the validation
 Responsibility
for performing and
approving validation study
 Description of equipment to be used
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Cleaning validation protocol (2)

Should include:
 Interval between end of production and cleaning, and
commencement of cleaning procedure
 Cleaning procedures to be used
 Any routine monitoring equipment used
 Number of cleaning cycles performed consecutively
 Sampling procedures used and rationale

 Sampling locations (clearly defined)

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Record of cleaning validation

Should include :
 Data on recovery studies
 Analytical methods including Limit of Detection and Limit of
Quantitation
 Acceptance criteria and rationale
 When revalidation will be required
 Must have management and QA involvement
 Management commitment and QA involvement
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Results and reports

 Cleaningrecord signed by operator,
checked by production and reviewed by
QA

 Final
Validation Reports, including
conclusions
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Personnel
 Manual cleaning methods are difficult to validate
 Cannot validate people; can measure proficiency
 Must have good training
 Must have effective supervision
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Microbiological aspects
 Include in validation strategy
 Analyse risks of contamination
 Consider equipment storage time
 Equipment should be stored dry
 Sterilization and pyrogen contamination
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ultrasonic cleaning
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REFERENCES
 AbhishekRaj. Cleaning Validation In
Pharmaceutical Industries, Journal Of
Atoms And Molecules. 2014
 Maurya S, Goyal D, Verma C; Cleaning
Validation In Pharmaceutical Industry- An
Overview; Pharmatutor; 2016; 4(9); 14-20
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 S.W. Harder, ‘The validation of cleaning

processes’, pharmaceutical technology.(1984)
 James Agalloco, ‘Points to consider in the
validation of equipment cleaning procedures’,
Journal of parenteral science and technology.
(October 20)