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Phrase Structure Rules

The document discusses phrase structure rules, which determine the basic constituent structure of sentences. There are three basic rules: (1) a sentence (S) rewrites as a noun phrase (NP) plus a verb phrase (VP); (2) a noun phrase rewrites as a determiner plus a noun, or a pronoun or proper noun; (3) a verb phrase rewrites as a verb plus a noun phrase, plus an optional prepositional phrase or adverb. Symbols like NP, VP, N, V, and PP are used to represent syntactic categories. Examples are provided to illustrate how phrase structure rules form sentences.

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Nurul Aini
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634 views12 pages

Phrase Structure Rules

The document discusses phrase structure rules, which determine the basic constituent structure of sentences. There are three basic rules: (1) a sentence (S) rewrites as a noun phrase (NP) plus a verb phrase (VP); (2) a noun phrase rewrites as a determiner plus a noun, or a pronoun or proper noun; (3) a verb phrase rewrites as a verb plus a noun phrase, plus an optional prepositional phrase or adverb. Symbols like NP, VP, N, V, and PP are used to represent syntactic categories. Examples are provided to illustrate how phrase structure rules form sentences.

Uploaded by

Nurul Aini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHARASE STRUCTURE RULES

Presented
by
YULIYANTO SABAT, S.Pd., M.Pd Tef
What is Phrase Structure Rules?
 Phrase Structure Rules are the rules that determine the
basic constituent structure of a sentence (Soekemi, 1995: 59).
 Constituent is any word or group of words that occur at the
end of vertical line (Boey, 1975: 45).
 Example (all the words in circle are called constituents):
The hunter shot the tiger.

The hunter shot

the tiger
Phrase Structure Rules

Two basic units of the


English sentence
(Soekemi, 1995:59)

NOUN VERB PHRASE


PHRASE (NP) (VP)
THREE BASIC RULES IN PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES
(SOEKEMI, 1995:59)

1) S NP+VP
2) NP Det + N
3) VP V+NP

Note:
a) S= Sentence d) Det= Determiner
b) NP= Noun Phrase e) V= Verb
c) VP= Verb Phrase f) N= Noun
SYMBOLS USED IN SYNTACTIC DESCRIPTION
(Yule, 2000:90)

1) NP (Noun Phrase)
a) NP Art + N
e.g., The dog, a book, an apple, etc.
b) NP Art + (Adj) + N
e.g., The small dog, a thick book, a sweet
apple, etc.
c) NP Pro (pronoun)
e.g., He, She, It, they, etc.
d) NP PN (proper noun)
e.g., Cathy, George, Sabat, etc.
VERB PHRASE
2) VP (Verb Phrase)
VP V+NP+(PP/prepositional phrase) + (Adv)
E.g., The small boy saw George with a crazy dog
recently.

3) PP/Prepositional Phrase
PP Prep + NP

(Yule, 2000:91-93)
Conclusion
There are two basic rules in Phrase Structure
Rules in the English sentence:
1) A sentence rewrite s as a noun phrase and
verb phrase.
2) A noun phrase rewrites as either an article,
an optional adjectives and a noun or
pronoun or a proper noun.

(Yule, 2000: 92)


The conclusions can be symbolized as:

a) S NP+ VP

b) NP {Art + (Adj) + N, Pro,


PN}

c) VP V+NP +(PP) + (Adj)

d) PP prep + NP
ANY QUESTION??
LET'S PRACTICE!!!
By using a tree diagram, try to visualize how
the phrase structure rules form the following
sentences!
1. The girl followed the boy.
2. A boy helped the dog
3. You saw it yesterday.
4. Marry helped George recently.
5. George saw a dog.
Let's prctice!!!
6. A small dog followed Marry.
7. The child needs some money
8. The boy read the magazine yesterday.
9. The cat caught the mouse.
10. The small boy saw Marry with a crazy dog
recently.
11. The handsome boy walked with a beautiful girl
yesterday.
12. The smart student answered the question easily.
THANK YOU…….

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