Phrase Structure Rules
Phrase Structure Rules
Presented
by
YULIYANTO SABAT, S.Pd., M.Pd Tef
What is Phrase Structure Rules?
Phrase Structure Rules are the rules that determine the
basic constituent structure of a sentence (Soekemi, 1995: 59).
Constituent is any word or group of words that occur at the
end of vertical line (Boey, 1975: 45).
Example (all the words in circle are called constituents):
The hunter shot the tiger.
the tiger
Phrase Structure Rules
1) S NP+VP
2) NP Det + N
3) VP V+NP
Note:
a) S= Sentence d) Det= Determiner
b) NP= Noun Phrase e) V= Verb
c) VP= Verb Phrase f) N= Noun
SYMBOLS USED IN SYNTACTIC DESCRIPTION
(Yule, 2000:90)
1) NP (Noun Phrase)
a) NP Art + N
e.g., The dog, a book, an apple, etc.
b) NP Art + (Adj) + N
e.g., The small dog, a thick book, a sweet
apple, etc.
c) NP Pro (pronoun)
e.g., He, She, It, they, etc.
d) NP PN (proper noun)
e.g., Cathy, George, Sabat, etc.
VERB PHRASE
2) VP (Verb Phrase)
VP V+NP+(PP/prepositional phrase) + (Adv)
E.g., The small boy saw George with a crazy dog
recently.
3) PP/Prepositional Phrase
PP Prep + NP
(Yule, 2000:91-93)
Conclusion
There are two basic rules in Phrase Structure
Rules in the English sentence:
1) A sentence rewrite s as a noun phrase and
verb phrase.
2) A noun phrase rewrites as either an article,
an optional adjectives and a noun or
pronoun or a proper noun.
a) S NP+ VP
d) PP prep + NP
ANY QUESTION??
LET'S PRACTICE!!!
By using a tree diagram, try to visualize how
the phrase structure rules form the following
sentences!
1. The girl followed the boy.
2. A boy helped the dog
3. You saw it yesterday.
4. Marry helped George recently.
5. George saw a dog.
Let's prctice!!!
6. A small dog followed Marry.
7. The child needs some money
8. The boy read the magazine yesterday.
9. The cat caught the mouse.
10. The small boy saw Marry with a crazy dog
recently.
11. The handsome boy walked with a beautiful girl
yesterday.
12. The smart student answered the question easily.
THANK YOU…….