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Applied Physics GSC 113: Week 2

This document provides an overview of applied physics concepts related to electric charge including: 1) How objects can be charged by adding or removing electrons, usually through contact with other charged objects or surfaces. For conductors, the electron distribution redistributes, while for insulators electrons remain fixed. 2) The principle of conservation of charge - the total charge in an isolated system remains constant. An example problem demonstrates this for two charged metal spheres connected by a wire. 3) Quantization of charge - charge is found in integer multiples of the elementary charge of electrons and protons. 4) Coulomb's law defines the electrostatic force between two point charges, and provides an example calculation of the force between two

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91 views13 pages

Applied Physics GSC 113: Week 2

This document provides an overview of applied physics concepts related to electric charge including: 1) How objects can be charged by adding or removing electrons, usually through contact with other charged objects or surfaces. For conductors, the electron distribution redistributes, while for insulators electrons remain fixed. 2) The principle of conservation of charge - the total charge in an isolated system remains constant. An example problem demonstrates this for two charged metal spheres connected by a wire. 3) Quantization of charge - charge is found in integer multiples of the elementary charge of electrons and protons. 4) Coulomb's law defines the electrostatic force between two point charges, and provides an example calculation of the force between two

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Applied Physics

GSC 113

Week 2

Maryam Iqbal
Department of Electrical Engineering
Bahria University, Islamabad
Class BEE 1A/1B

1
How to charge an object?
• An object can be given some “excess” charge: giving electrons to it
(we give it negative charge) or taking electrons away (we “give” it
positive charge).

• How do we charge an object? Usually, moving charges from one


surface to another by adhesion (helped by friction), or by contact with
other charged objects.

• If a conductor, the whole electron sea redistributes itself.

• If an insulator, the electrons stay where they are put.


Conservation of charge
Total amount of charge in an isolated system is fixed (“conserved”)

Example: 2 identical metal


spheres have charges
+1C and –2C.
+1C -2C
You connect these together
with a metal wire; what is the ? ?
final charge distribution?
Conservation of Electric Charge
• A glass rod is rubbed with silk

• Electrons are transferred from the glass


to the silk

• Each electron adds a negative charge to


the silk

• An equal positive charge is left on the


rod
Conservation of Electric Charge
• A very hard rubber rod is rubbed
with animal fur

• Electrons are transferred from the


fur to the rubber

• Each electron adds a negative charge (very hard rubber)


to the rubber

• An equal positive charge is left on


the fur
Quantization of Charge
• Charge is always found in INTEGER multiples of the charge on an
electron/proton
• Unit of charge: Coulomb (C) in SI units
• Electron charge = –e = -1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs
• Proton charge = +e = +1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs
• Unit of current: Ampere = Coulomb/second
Coulomb’s law, Review
 q1 F12 F21 -q2

r12

k | q1 | | q2 |
| F12 | 2
r12

2
N m
k= 8.99  109

C2
Sample Problem!!!
• Figure shows two positively charged particles fixed in place on an x
axis. The charges are q1 = 1.6010 -19 C and q2 = 3.2010 -19 C, and the
particle separation is R=0.0200 m.
• What are the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic force on
particle 1 from particle 2?
Related Numericals (Coulomb’s law)
• Sample problem (Pg 567)
Cont’d:
Cont’d

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