The document defines and provides examples of the row echelon form, reduced row echelon form, and column echelon form of a matrix. It explains that the row echelon form of a matrix satisfies certain conditions on the placement of leading 1's in each row. The reduced row echelon form further requires that each leading 1 is the only non-zero element in its column. The rank of a matrix is defined as the number of non-zero rows when the matrix is in row echelon form. Gaussian elimination uses elementary row operations to systematically convert a matrix into row echelon form.
The document defines and provides examples of the row echelon form, reduced row echelon form, and column echelon form of a matrix. It explains that the row echelon form of a matrix satisfies certain conditions on the placement of leading 1's in each row. The reduced row echelon form further requires that each leading 1 is the only non-zero element in its column. The rank of a matrix is defined as the number of non-zero rows when the matrix is in row echelon form. Gaussian elimination uses elementary row operations to systematically convert a matrix into row echelon form.
The document defines and provides examples of the row echelon form, reduced row echelon form, and column echelon form of a matrix. It explains that the row echelon form of a matrix satisfies certain conditions on the placement of leading 1's in each row. The reduced row echelon form further requires that each leading 1 is the only non-zero element in its column. The rank of a matrix is defined as the number of non-zero rows when the matrix is in row echelon form. Gaussian elimination uses elementary row operations to systematically convert a matrix into row echelon form.
The document defines and provides examples of the row echelon form, reduced row echelon form, and column echelon form of a matrix. It explains that the row echelon form of a matrix satisfies certain conditions on the placement of leading 1's in each row. The reduced row echelon form further requires that each leading 1 is the only non-zero element in its column. The rank of a matrix is defined as the number of non-zero rows when the matrix is in row echelon form. Gaussian elimination uses elementary row operations to systematically convert a matrix into row echelon form.
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CONDENSATION
OF A MATRIX
Fabrizio Moncelli Lidia Rocha WHAT IS THE ECHELON FORM OF A MATRIX? Echelon matrix come in two forms: • The row echelon form (matrix A) • The reduced row echelon form (matrix B)
1 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 A= 0 0 1 3 B= 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ROW ECHELON FORM A matrix is in row echelon form when it satisfies the following conditions: • The first non-zero element in each row, called the leading entry, is 1. • Each leading entry is in a column to the right of the leading entry in the previous row. • Rows with all zero elements, if any, are below rows having a non-zero element. 1 2 3 4 A= 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 REDUCED ROW ECHELON FORM
A matrix is in reduced row echelon form when it satisfies the following
conditions: • The matrix satisfies conditions for a row echelon form. • The leading entry in each row is the only non-zero entry in its column.
1 2 0 0 B= 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 COLUMN ECHELON FORM In addition, there are column echelon form, but they are only the transposed of a row echelon form, and we can consider it like the row echelon form.
T 1 0 0 1 0 3 A𝑇 = 0 1 0 → 0 1 2 3 2 0 0 0 0
As shown in the example the transposed matrix of a column echelon form is
a row echelon form. HOW TO CONDENSE A MATRIX? To perform row reduction on a matrix, we can use a sequence of elementary row operations to modify the matrix until the lower left-hand corner of the matrix is filled with zeros, as much as possible. There are three types of elementary row operations:
1. Swapping two rows.
2. Multiplying a row by a scalar number. 3. Adding a multiple of one row to another row.
This method is called Gaussian elimination. It is useful to find the rank of a
matrix, to calculate the determinant of a matrix and for solving a system of linear equations. RANK FROM ROWS ECHELON FORM The rank of a matrix is the number of non null rows that the matrix in row echelon form has.
Now, we can try to calculate the rank of a matrix reducing it to a row
echelon forms, by elementary row operations. Row operation do not change the rank of the matrix. Once in row echelon form, the rank is the number of the non-zero rows. Example: Given the matrix A and appling the elementary rows operations we can reduce the matrix.
