GRADING AND REPORTING
• Nature of Grades/Marks
• Purpose of Grades
• Function of Grades
• Types of Grades
• Methods of Determining Grades
• Problem Related to Grading System
• K to 12 Grading System
Introduction
The purpose of grade is to provide an accurate
discerption of what students have learned, then
averaging scores from past assessments with
measures of current performance is inappropriate.
NATURE OF GRADE/MARKS
NATURE OF GRADES/MARKS
Grades are the teachers judgement on the performance of students based on
a certain criteria. Although objectives from time to time and are also
relative from one school to another school, from one teacher to another
teacher, and from student to another student.
Variables
• periodical examination,
• class standing,
• projects
FUNCTION OF GRADES/MARKS
FUNCTION OF GRADES/MARKS
Theschool can never escape relative judgements about
students. Grades or marks have certain function to
perform and these function are served best by an
unbiased grades, such function as fallows:
To help guide the students and the parents with respect to future education plans;
To help the school decide upon a student’s readiness to enroll in the certain selective
program; and
To help higher educational levels appraise an application’s acceptability for the
program being offered; and
To help a potential employer decide on the suitability of the students for certain jobs
that depend on the academic skills
PURPOSE OF GRADES/MARKS
Purpose of Grades/Marks
Grades may serve to a following purpose;
1. ADMINISTRATION- admission, selective or grouping, promotion retention,
dismissal, fit for graduation2.
2. GUIDANCE - diagnose-reaction, prediction of success, remediation,
validation, career-guidance, psychological assessment
3. MOTIVATION – Skills mastery, goal-setting, positive mobilizer
MAJOR PURPOSE OF GRADING AND REPORTING
1. To communicate the achievements status of the students to their parents and other stakeholder;
2. to provide information that can be used by the students for self evaluation;
3. to select, identify, or group students for certain educational programs;
4. to provide incentives for students to learn;
5. to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional programs; and
6. to provide evidence of the students’ lack of effort or inappropriate responsibility.
TYPES OF GRADE/MARKS
TYPES OF GRADE/MARKS
1. Percentage System (75-100)
2. Pass or Fail
3. Five Points Multiple Scale
4. Dual System
5. Checklist and Rating Scale
Advantage of grades/marks
*Some advantage of grades/marks*
Marks are the least time consuming and most efficient
methods of reporting.
Symbols can be converted to numbers. Thus, general
average grades can be computed.
Marks relate not only to changes of obtaining good
grades in future courses.
Marks serve as an overall summary index.
Disadvantage of Grades/Marks
Marks are inaccurate of competence and are not used in a comparable way
from school, or even from instructor to instructor.
Marks are not related to the important objectives of the school.
Marks are not enough as means of communication to the students home.
Marks produced side effects detrimental to the welfare of the child.
A. the debilitating impact of the failure;
b. excessive competitiveness;
c. cheating; and
d. a distortion of educational values,
COMMON GRADING-RELATED PROBLEMS
Common Grading-Related Problems
1. Grade Inflation
2. Question Grading Practices
Average Scores to Determine a Grades
Guidelines for deciding what evidence or combination of evidence
represents the truest, most appropriate summary of the students
achievements and performance
1. give priority to the most recent evidence.
2. Give priority to the most comprehensive evidence.
3. Give priority to evidence related to the most important learning goals
or standards.
Uses of Zeroes
Most educators believe that a zero is not an accurate
reflection of the students learning.
Lowering Grades Because of behavioral Infraction
Behavioral infraction cannot be considered indicators
of achievement or performance.
GUIDANCE FOR EFFECTIVE GRADING
Guidance for effective grading
Describe the grading procedures to the students at the beginning of
instruction.
Clarify to the students that the course will be based on achievement.
Explain how other factors, such as effort, work habits, and punctuality in
the submission of requirements, will be treated/operated.
Relate the grading procedures to the learning outcomes.
Obtain valid evidences as bases for assigning grades.
Take precaution to prevent cheating on the test, reports and other types of
evaluation.
Return and review all the test as soon as possible.
Properly weight the various types of achievements included in the grade.
Do not lower an achievement grade for tardiness, lack of effort, or
misbehavior.
Avoid bias and when in doubt, review the evidences. If still in doubt, assign
a higher grade.
MODES OF COMPUTING FINAL GRADES
There are two ways in computing the final grade;
* Averaging Grading System
* Cumulative Grading System
Averaging grading system treats the students’ performance in each
grading period independency.
Subjects First Second Third Fourth Final Grade
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
English 78 86 82 84 82.5
Math 76 77 83 88 81
Science 79 85 93 87 86
Filipino 84 88 88 91 87.75
MAKABAYAN 86 89 86 93 88.5
General Average 85.15
Cumulative grading system believe that performance of student to a large
extent is affective by their past performance.
Subjects First Second Third Fourth Final Grade
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
English 78 (83) 82 (79)80 (83) 82 82
Math 76 (79) 78 (85) 83 (84) 84 84
Science 79 (84) 83 (81) 82 (86) 85 85
Filipino 84 (80) 81 (87) 85 (87) 86 86
MAKABAYAN 86 (92) 90 (88) 89 (91) 90 90
General Average
Group 8 Members
CYRIL N. BARCE
MANILYN l. LAYOSA
NOEL GRECIA
MA. LOURDES AGUILAR
MALENE ORBON
RONALD ASIS
KARINE IBARRETA
