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Computer System
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Computer System
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The System Unit
Chapter 5
Computing
Essentials 2014
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale for
authorized or distribution in any manner.
sale or distribution This document
in any manner. may notmay
This document be copied, scanned,
not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Competencies (1 of 2)
Describe the four basic types of system
units.
Describe system boards, including sockets,
slots, and bus lines.
Discuss microprocessors,
including microprocessor
chips and specialty processors.
Discuss memory including
RAM, ROM, and flash memory.
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 2
Competencies (2 of 2)
Discuss expansion slots and cards.
Describe bus lines, bus widths, and expansion
buses.
Describe ports, including standard and
specialized ports.
Discuss power supply for desktop, notebook,
tablet, and handheld computers .
Discuss how a computer can represent
numbers and encode characters
electronically.
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 3
Introduction
Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the
power of microcomputers.
Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you
to make good buying decisions and to
determine if your current system will run new
applications.
Competent end users need to
understand the basic principles
of how microcomputers are
put together.
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 4
System Unit Types
Desktops
Tower Unit, All-in-one
Notebooks
Laptops
Netbooks
Tablets
Handhelds
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 5
Making IT Work for You ~ Keeping Your Computer Cool
Computer components generate a significant
amount of heat
Can damage your system
Notebooks present a special challenge
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6
System Board
Main board or motherboard
Controls communications
Components connect to the system board
Data path
Traffic monitor
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 7
System Board Components (Page 1 of 2)
Sockets
Connection
point for
chips
Chips
Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of
silicon
Silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated
circuit
Mounted on carrier packages
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 8
System Board Components (Page 2 of 2)
Slots
Provide a connection point for
specialized cards or circuit boards
Bus lines
Provide pathways that support
communication among the various
electronic components
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9
Microprocessor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Contained on the microprocessor chip
Brains of the computer
Two Basic Components
Control unit
Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10
Microprocessor Chips (Page 1 of 2)
Chip capacities expressed in word size
Word
The number of bits that can be processed at
one time
64-bit standard
Clock Speed
Processing speed
The number of times the CPU fetches and
processes data or instructions in a second
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 11
Microprocessor Chips (Page 2 of 2)
Multi-Core Chip
Two separate and independent CPUs
Parallel Processing
Windows 8 and Mac OS X
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 12
Specialty Processors
Coprocessors
Designed to improve specific computing
operations
Graphics coprocessors / Graphics
Processing Unit (GPU)
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 13
Expansion Slots and Cards
Advanced graphics cards
Sound cards
Network interface cards (NIC)
Wireless network cards
Plug and Play
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 14
Bus Lines
Also known as a bus
Connect parts of the CPU to each other
Pathway for bits
Bus width
Number of bits that
can travel at once
Two basic categories
System buses
Expansion buses
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 15
Expansion Buses
Connects the CPU to other components on the
system board, including expansion slots
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Connects external USB devices onto the USB
bus
FireWire
Audio and video equipment
PCI Express (PCIe)
Single dedicated path for each connected
device
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 16
Cables
Used to connect external devices to the
system unit via the ports
One end of the cable is attached to the
device and the other end has a connector
that is attached to a matching connector
on the port
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 17
Making IT Work for You ~ TV Tuners
Using Windows Media System as a DVR
Install TV Tuner
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 18
Power Supply
Computers require direct current (DC)
DC power provided by converting alternating
current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries
Desktop computers use power supply units
Notebooks and handhelds use AC adapters
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 19
Electronic Data and Instructions
Digital electronic signals
Recognized by computers
Analog signals
Created by voices
Conversion must take place from analog to
digital before processing can occur
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 20
Numeric Representation
Binary System only two digits called bits
On = 1; positive charge
Off = 0; no charge
Byte = 8 bits grouped together
Hexadecimal system
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 21
Character Encoding
Character encoding standards
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
Microcomputers
EBCDIC
Extended Binary coded Decimal Interchange Code
Mainframe
Unicode
Uses 16 bits
Recognized by virtually all computer systems
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 22
Careers In IT
Computer technicians repair and install
computer components and systems
Employers look for:
Certification
Communication skills
Continued education
is required
Computer technicians can
expect to earn an annual
salary of $31K to $46K
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 23
A Look to the Future
Wearable computers
Send and receive email while jogging
Maintain your personal schedule book
Remember the names of people at a party
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 24
Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 3)
Describe the four basic types of
microcomputers and microcomputer system
units.
Describe system boards including sockets,
chips, carrier packages, slots, and bus lines.
Discuss microprocessor components, chips,
and specialty processors.
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 25
Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 3)
Define computer memory including RAM,
ROM, and flash memory.
Define expansion slots, cards, Plug and Play,
PC cards, PCMCIA slots, and Express-Card
slots.
Describe bus lines including bus width,
system bus, and expansion bus.
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 26
Open-Ended Questions (Page 3 of 3)
Define ports including standard and
specialized ports. Give examples of each.
Describe power supply including power
supply units and AC adapters.
Discuss electronic data and instructions.
The System Unit Computing Essentials 2014
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned,
duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 27
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