Types of Speech
Types of Speech
Types of Speech
Unit IV
LESSON 1: ORGANIZING AND
DELIVERING A MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
ACTIVITY (PAIR)
1. Find a partner. Assign a reader and a listener.
2. The task of the reader is to read aloud the
following lines from Marianne Williamson’s A
Return To Love: Reflections on the Principles of
A Course in Miracles while the task of the
listener is to give feedback on the performance
of the reader based on the Rubric for Oral
Presentation.
• Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our
deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It
is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We
ask ourselves, Who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous,
talented, fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be?
You are a child of God. Your playing small does not
serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about
shrinking so that other people won't feel insecure around
you. We are all meant to shine, as children do. We were
born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us.
It's not just in some of us; it's in everyone. And as we let
our own light shine, we unconsciously give other people
permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our
own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.
3. When done, exchange roles with
your partner and do the same
routine.
4. Then, share your feedback and
observations on your partner’s
speech delivery.
5. You have ten minutes to do this
activity.
EXERCISE I (GROUP)
• Here is a link to the video of Senator Miriam Defensor
Santiago’s speech titled A Date with Destiny:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdWaESUSyoM Watch
the video. Then, work in groups of five and discuss your
answers to the following questions:
1. Why did the speaker need a manuscript for her speech?
2. Do you think it would have been better if she delivered the
speech on the spot? Why or why not?
3. How did she sustain the audience’s attention all
throughout her speech?
4. Was her delivery successful? What makes you think so?
•When speaking from a manuscript,
you write and deliver a speech
word for word. The question is, for
whom is the manuscript method
most advantageous?
1. PUBLIC FIGURES
• Public figures. Since public figures are
always constrained by a hectic schedule,
they need ghost writers. Consequently,
they would have to read the text of the
speech as it is. The President’s State of the
Nation Address (SONA) is a concrete
example of this situation.
2. MEDIA PERSONALITIES
•Media personalities. Speakers on
radio and television always battle with
time limits. For example, a televised
panel discussion about a social issue
may require radio and TV anchors to
critically choose and refine the words
of their speech in advance.
3. SPOKESPERSONS FOR
GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE
ORGANIZATIONS.
• Spokespersons for government and
private organizations. This public speaking
role requires a great deal of
contemplation and preparation. For
example, we have speeches of different
country’s spokespersons in an
international seminar on climate change.
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH THE
MANUSCRIPT METHOD
1. Since this type of speech follows a word-for-word method, you might be
tempted to skip practicing the speech.
2. In relation to the previous point, if you fail to practice your speech and
decide to read it during the time of delivery itself, you might be glued to
the speech all throughout. You may overlook making eye contact with
your audience. Note that glancing at the audience only at the end of a
sentence is not sufficient to establish and maintain rapport during the
speech.
3. Lastly, because everything is planned based on the time allotted, you will
surely want to cover everything in your speech before you run out of time.
This might affect your connection with the audience, as there is a
tendency to ignore the audience and neglect responding to their
feedback when busy with the speech. Pay attention and make sure to
check and adjust if the audience displays anxiety, impatience, or
boredom.
STRATEGIES IN ORGANIZING AND
DELIVERING THE MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
1. Practice! Practice delivering the speech several
times. Mark the text. Even if it’s a manuscript,
know the speech by heart. Only if you do these
can you keep frequent eye contact with the
audience.
2. Adapt! Even if you have a manuscript, feel free to
modify the text when the situation demands it. If
you observe that your audience is bored, you
may use shorter yet more vigorous words. If your
audience is impatient, add words of strong
motivational power. If your audience is anxious,
share personal anecdotes to lighten the mood.
TIPS IN USING THE MANUSCRIPT
METHOD
1. Prepare! Keep your text easy to use by neatly
composing it in triple space.
2. Mark! Own your manuscript by highlighting
key words and phrases. This way you will be
guided during the speech delivery.
3. Practice! You can make a lot of notes on the
draft of your manuscript during the first few
rehearsals, but make sure to reprint your
script, especially if you make too many
changes.
TIPS IN USING THE MANUSCRIPT
METHOD
4. Practice some more! Read the text over and over orally. This will
help you avoid mispronounced words, faulty starts, and wrong
pauses. As you practice, vary the volume, rate, and pitch of your
voice during appropriate points in the speech.
5. Concentrate! Concentrate on keeping eye contact, but do not
stare at only one section of the audience. It is best if you familiarize
yourself with the most important parts of your speech. If you do
this, you will be more confident in looking at your audience during
the key points of the speech.
6. Act it out! Use a lectern or a podium when practicing the
speech. If you can find one before the actual speech delivery,
practice using it so that you will be used to laying your notes flat on
the podium and looking at them once in a while.
EXERCISE II (GROUP)
• Work with the same group from Exercise I. Below is an extract
from the manuscript of the speech of former US President,
Ronald Reagan, along with his edits.
1. Study the page and discuss your answer to this question:
Why do you think President Reagan edited the following
parts of his manuscript before his speech?
Extract 1
Draft: Yet it is our nature as a free people to make manifest
our goodwill. So we must strive to reduce arms on both sides.
Edits: We seek peace and we must strive to reduce arms on
both sides.
• Extract 2
Draft: Beginning 10 years ago, the Soviets
challenged the Western Alliance with a grave
new threat: the deployment of hundreds of
nuclear missiles capable of striking every capital in
Europe.
Edits: Beginning 10 years ago, the Soviets
challenged the Western Alliance with a grave
new threat: hundreds of new and more deadly
nuclear missiles - the Triple Warhead SS-20,
capable of striking every capital of Europe.