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Introduction To Computer

A computer is an electronic machine that processes data according to a set of instructions. It consists of both hardware and software components. Hardware refers to the physical parts like the central processing unit (CPU) and storage devices, while software refers to the set of instructions used to solve problems. A computer takes in raw data as input through devices like keyboards and mice, processes the data, and outputs the results through output devices like monitors. It can perform tasks quickly, reliably, and at a large scale, making it a versatile tool that is used in many fields.

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64 views16 pages

Introduction To Computer

A computer is an electronic machine that processes data according to a set of instructions. It consists of both hardware and software components. Hardware refers to the physical parts like the central processing unit (CPU) and storage devices, while software refers to the set of instructions used to solve problems. A computer takes in raw data as input through devices like keyboards and mice, processes the data, and outputs the results through output devices like monitors. It can perform tasks quickly, reliably, and at a large scale, making it a versatile tool that is used in many fields.

Uploaded by

sonia javed
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction To Computer

What is computer?
 An electronic machine used to solve different problems according to given
set of instructions
 Computer word derived from the word ‘Compute’ that means ‘to
calculate’
 It can be used as calculating machine however calculation is not the only
use of computer
What is a software?

 A set of instructions given to computer to solve a problem


Or
A set of instructions that tell a computer exactly what to do
 It is also called a ‘program’.
 It can be debugged in case of problem but if the problem is not solved
then it can be re-installed.
 E.g. Microsoft windows, Microsoft office, etc.
What is a hardware?
 Physical part of computer that cause processing of data.

 It can be repaired in case of problem but if problem is not solved then it


can be replaced.

 E.g. keyboard, mouse, etc.


What is data?
 A collection of raw facts and figures.
 The word raw means that the facts are not processed to get their exact
meaning.
 Data is given to computer for processing.
 It can be collected from different sources or for different purposes.
 It may consist of numbers, characters, symbols, or pictures.
Components of Computer

 Input devices
 Output devices
 System unit
 Storage devices
 Communication devices
Input Devices

 The data or instructions given to the computer is called input.


 A hardware component used to give input to computer called input
device.
 E.g. keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, digital camera, PC camera,
etc.
Output Devices

 The data processed into useful information is called output.


 A hardware component used to display output to the user is called output
device.
 E.g. monitor, printer, speaker, etc.
System Unit

 A box that contains different electronic components of computer used to


process data.
 The electronic components in the system are connected with
motherboard.
 Motherboard is also known as system-board or main-board.
 System-board is the communication medium for the entire computer
system.
System Unit

 The important components of system unit are:


CPU:
 Stands for Central Processing Unit.
 It is also called processor.
 It interprets and executes the instructions in the computer.
 Computer cannot work without CPU.
Storage Devices

Memory
 Hardware component that stores data and instructions temporarily.
 Also called primary memory and main memory.
 It consists of electronic chips connected with motherboard.
 It is also called volatile because its contents are lost when the computer is
turned off.
Storage Devices

 The hardware components that are used to store data, instructions and
information permanently are called secondary storage devices.
 Also called non-volatile because its contents remains safe when computer
is turned off
 E.g. floppy disk drive, zip drive, hard disk drive, CD-ROM drive, CD-RW drive,
DVD-ROM drive, etc.
Communication Devices

 The hardware components used to communicate or exchange data,


instructions or information with other computers.
 E.g. modem
Characteristics of Computer

1. Speed: it processes data at a very high speed. It can perform billions of


calculations in a second. Computer speed is measured in Mega Hertz(MHz)
or Giga Hertz(GHz).
2. Reliability: computer is very reliable. The electronic components in modern
computer rarely break or fail.
3. Accuracy: accuracy means that computer provides results without any
error. Computer can perform a large amount of data and produce
accurate results. The result can be wrong if the given data to the computer
is not correct.
Characteristics of Computer

4. Storage: it can store a large amount of data, of different types,


permanently. The storage capacity is increasing rapidly.
5. Versatility: computer is a versatile machine because it can perform different
types of tasks. That’s why it is being used in every field of life.
6. Consistency: it does not lose concentration due to heavy work and does
not become tired or board. It perform all jobs with equal concentration.
7. Recalling: a computer can recall the stored data and information as and
when required.
Characteristics of Computer

8. Communication: most computers today have the capability of


communicating with other computers. Computers can connect with a
communication device such as modem. The computers can share data,
instructions, and information. The connected computers are called network.
We can also communicate with other people using network like internet.
9. Control Sequence: a computer works strictly according to the given
instructions. It follows the same sequence of execution that is given in a
program.
10. Cost Reduction: we can perform a difficult task in less time and less cost.

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