Mobile Communications

Chapter 7: Wireless LANs

 HIPERLAN
HiperLAN2 (pages 257-263)
 QoS

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.1

 HiperLAN2

Official name: BRAN HIPERLAN Type 2

 High data rates for users up to 54 Mbps!
 5 GHz band (Europe: 5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.47-5.725 GHz license
exempt bands)
 Connection oriented:
 Prior to data transmission HiperLAN2 networks establish logical
connections between sender and receiver. Connection set up is used to
negotiate QoS parameters.
 All connections are TDMA with TDD for separation of up/downlink.
 Point-to-point as well as point-to-multipoint connections are offered.
 Additionally, a broadcast channel is available to reach all mobile devices
in the transmission range of an access point
 Quality of service support:
 With the help of connections, support of QoS is much simpler.
 Each connection has its own set of QoS parameters (bandwidth, delay,
jitter, bit error rate, etc.)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.2

 HiperLAN2

Official name: BRAN HIPERLAN Type 2

 Dynamic frequency selection:
 HiperLAN2 does not require frequency planning like IEEE 802.11.
 All access points have built in support which automatically selects an
appropriate frequency within their coverage area.
 All APs listen to neighboring APs as well as to other radio sources in the
environment.
 The best frequency is chosen depending on the current interference level
and usage of radio channels.
 Security support
 Authentication as well as encryption are supported by HiperLAN2
 Both, mobile terminal and access point can authenticate each other.
 All user traffic can be encrypted to protect against eavesdropping or man-in-
the-middle attacks.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.3

 HiperLAN2

Official name: BRAN HIPERLAN Type 2

 Mobility support
 Mobile terminals can move around while transmission always takes place
between the terminal and the access point with the best radio signal.
 Handover between access points is performed automatically.
 If enough resources available, all connections including their QoS parameters
will be supported by a new access point after handover.
 However, some data may be lost during handover.
 Network and application independent
 APs can connect to many types of networks like Ethernet, Firewire, etc.
 Interoperation with 3G networks, support for many home audio/video devices
 Power save modes
 Mobile terminals can negotiate certain wake-up patterns to save power.
 Either short latency requirements or low power requirements can be
supported.
 Plug and Play
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.4
 HiperLAN2 architecture - Infrastructure mode
• Two access points (AP) are shown • MPs can move around in the cell
• Core network, an Ethernet, Firewire, • The system automatically assigns the
ATM, 3G, etc APT/APC with the best transmission
• Each AP: an Access Point Controller quality.
one or more access point tranceivers • No frequency planning is needed.
• An APT can comprise one or more
sectors (shown as cells here)

AP
MT1
APT APC Core
1 Network
MT2 (Ethernet,
Firewire,
3 AP ATM,
MT3 APT
UMTS)
APC
2
MT4 APT

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.5

 HiperLAN2 – three handover situations may occur

• Sector handover – a new cell (See MT1 in the figure below)

• Radio handover – different APTs but the same APC (See MT3 in the figure below)
• Network handover – different APCs (See MT2 in the figure below) In this case the
core network and higher layers are also involved. If not supported by the core
network, a new association must take place.

AP
MT1
APT APC Core
1 Network
MT2 (Ethernet,
Firewire,
3 AP ATM,
MT3 APT
UMTS)
APC
2
MT4 APT

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.6

 Centralized vs. direct mode

Centralized mode: Infrastructure mode Direct mode: Ad Hoc mode

All APs are connected to the core network Data is directly exchanged between MTs if they
MTs are associated with APs can receive each other, but the network still has
Even if two MTs share the same cell, all to be controlled:
data is transferred via the AP. This can be done either via an AP that contains a
This mode is mandatory central controller (CC) anyway or via an MT that
The AP takes complete control of everything contains the CC functionality.
There is no difference between an AP and a CC
besides the fact that APs are always connected to
an infrastructure but here only the CC functionality
is needed.
AP AP/CC

control control control data

data MT1 MT2 +CC
control

MT1 MT2 MT1 MT2

data

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.7

 HiperLAN2 – The physical layer

• Many functions and features of HiperLAN2 physical layer served as

example for IEEE 802.11a. It is not suprising that both standars offer
similar data rates and use identical modulation schemes.

• OFDM

• BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.8

 Operating channels of HiperLAN2 in Europe

36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 channel

5150 5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350 [MHz]
16.6 MHz

100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 channel

5470 5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640 5660 5680 5700 5725
16.6 MHz [MHz]
center frequency =
5000 + 5*channel number [MHz]

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.9

 Basic structure of HiperLAN2 MAC frames

2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms TDD,
MAC frame MAC frame MAC frame MAC frame 500 OFDM
...
symbols
per frame

random
broadcast phase downlink phase uplink phase
access phase
variable variable variable

MAC: creates frames of 2 ms duration

Each MAC frame is further sub-divided into four phases

• broadcast phase: The AP sends inf of the current frame

• downlink phase: AP to MTs
• uplink phase: MTs to AP
• random access phase: for registered MTs – capacity requests
for new MTs access requests (slotted ahloha)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.10

 HiperLAN2 – Convergence Layer

• The physical layer and the data link layer are independent of specific
core network protocols.

• A special convergence layer (CL) is needed to adapt to the special

features of these network protocols.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.11

 End

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.12

 Connection oriented

 Prior to data transmission, HiperLAN2 networks establish a logical

connection between a sender and a receiver (e.g. A mobile device and
an access point).

 Connection set-up is used to negotiate QoS-parameters.

 All connections are time-division-multiplexed over the air interface

(TDMA with TDD for separation of up/downlinks).

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.13

 QoS support

With the help of ”connections”, support of QoS is much simpler!

Can handle time sensitive data transfers!

Each connection has its own set of QoS parameters:

• Bandwidth
• Delay
• Jitter
• Bit error rate
• Etc

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.14

 HiperLAN2 protocol stack

Higher layers

DLC control Convergence layer DLC user

SAP SAP

Radio link control sublayer Data link control -

basic data
Radio DLC
resource
Assoc.
conn.
transport function
control Scope of
control control
HiperLAN2
Error
standards
control
Radio link control

Medium access control

Physical layer

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/ MC SS02 7.15