Scribd
Upload
82 views15 pages

Test of Relationship (Parametric and Non Parametric)

This document discusses different types of correlation tests used to measure the strength and direction of relationships between variables. It describes Pearson's r correlation test for parametric data, and Kendall and Spearman rank correlation tests for non-parametric data. Key assumptions, terms, and Cohen's standard for interpreting effect sizes are defined for each test. Examples of research questions and variables that each test could be used to analyze are also provided.

Uploaded by

Anthony Abesado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views15 pages

Test of Relationship (Parametric and Non Parametric)

This document discusses different types of correlation tests used to measure the strength and direction of relationships between variables. It describes Pearson's r correlation test for parametric data, and Kendall and Spearman rank correlation tests for non-parametric data. Key assumptions, terms, and Cohen's standard for interpreting effect sizes are defined for each test. Examples of research questions and variables that each test could be used to analyze are also provided.

Uploaded by

Anthony Abesado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Test of Relationship

(Parametric and Non-


Parametric)
Correlation
• Correlation is a bivariate analysis that measures the strength of
association between two variables and the direction of the
relationship.
• In terms of the strength of relationship, the value of the correlation
coefficient varies between +1 and -1. A value of ± 1 indicates a
perfect degree of association between the two variables. As the
correlation coefficient value goes towards 0, the relationship between
the two variables will be weaker.
Types of Correlation Test Statistic
• Pearson r Correlation Test
• Kendall Rank Correlation Test
• Spearman Rank Correlation Test
Pearson r- Correlation Test
• Pearson r correlation is the most widely used correlation statistic to
measure the degree of the relationship between linearly related
variables.
• Pearson r correlation is used to measure the degree of relationship
between the two.
Research Questions:
• Is there a statistically significant relationship between age, as
measured in years, and height, measured in inches?
• Is there a relationship between temperature, measured in degrees
Fahrenheit, and ice cream sales, measured by income?
• Is there a relationship between job satisfaction, as measured by the
JSS, and income, measured in dollars?
Assumptions for Pearson r- Correlation
• Nature of the data set is Parametric
• Comparing the relationship between 2 variables
• Data in Interval or in ratio
Cohen’s Standard
• Cohen’s standard may be used to evaluate the correlation coefficient
to determine the strength of the relationship, or the effect
size. Correlation coefficients between .10 and .29 represent a small
association, coefficients between .30 and .49 represent a medium
association, and coefficients of .50 and above represent a large
association or relationship.
Kendall rank Correlation Test
• Kendall rank correlation is a non-parametric test that measures the
strength of dependence between two variables.
• If we consider two samples, a and b, where each sample size is n, we
know that the total number of pairings with a b is n(n-1)/2.
Terms in Kendall Correlation test
• Concordant: Ordered in the same way.
• Discordant: Ordered differently.
Assumptions
• Nature of Data set in Non-parametric
Spearman rank Correlation
• Spearman rank correlation is a non-parametric test that is used to
measure the degree of association between two variables.
• The Spearman rank correlation test does not carry any assumptions
about the distribution of the data and is the appropriate correlation
analysis when the variables are measured on a scale that is at least
ordinal.
Research Questions
• s there a statistically significant relationship between participants’
level of education (high school, bachelor’s, or graduate degree) and
their starting salary?
• Is there a statistically significant relationship between horse’s finishing
position a race and horse’s age?
Assumption
• The assumptions of the Spearman correlation are that data must be
at least ordinal and the scores on one variable must be monotonically
related to the other variable.
Key Terms in Spearman Rank Correlation
Effect size: Cohen’s standard may be used to evaluate the correlation
coefficient to determine the strength of the relationship, or the effect
size. Correlation coefficients between .10 and .29 represent a small
association, coefficients between .30 and .49 represent a medium
association, and coefficients of .50 and above represent a large
association or relationship.
Key Terms in Spearman Rank Correlation
Ordinal data: In an ordinal scale, the levels of a variable are ordered
such that one level can be considered higher/lower than
another. However, the magnitude of the difference between levels is
not necessarily known. An example would be rank ordering levels of
education. A graduate degree is higher than a bachelor’s degree, and a
bachelor’s degree is higher than a high school diploma. However, we
cannot quantify how much higher a graduate degree is compared to a
bachelor’s degree. We also cannot say that the difference in education
between a graduate degree and a bachelor’s degree is the same as the
difference between a bachelor’s degree and a high school diploma.

You might also like