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Computer Network - CS610 Power Point Slides Lecture 20

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219 views19 pages

Computer Network - CS610 Power Point Slides Lecture 20

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Choudary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORKS

CS610
Lecture-20
Hammad Khalid Khan
Review Lecture 19
 Label Switching

 An Example ATM Network

 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC’s)

 Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC’s)

 Quality of Service (QoS)


Cells vs Packets
 ATM designers chose cells over packets because:
– Cells aren’t variable length, and memory management for
them is simpler. Handling variable length packets leads to
memory fragmentation

– Variable length packets require hardware to


accommodate the largest possible packet, and thus to
detect the end of the packet. With cells, bits can just be
counted as they arrive
Cells vs Packets

– The length of time required to send a variable length


packet is variable, and requires complicated interrupt
schemes to detect completion of transmission

– QoS can’t be guaranteed with variable length packets as


easily as it can with fixed length cells
ATM Speed
 ATM designers also chose cells to meet the need for speed,
since it was designed to handle arbitrarily large numbers of
users, each of which could be willing to pay for high
throughput

 ATM is designed to work on fiber (but can be used with


twisted pair). A typical port on an ATM switch operates at
OC-3 speed (155 Mbps) or higher
ATM Critique

 ATM is far more expensive than typical LAN hardware


 Connection setup time may be excessive for short
communications
 Cell tax consumes 10 % of network capacity
 QoS requirements might be unknown, leading to applications
picking values that are too high or too low
ATM Critique

 Broadcast is inefficient, and has to be simulated by sending


the same message to each computer separately

 ATM, as a single universal networking technology, has only


minimal provision for interoperation with other technologies
Chapter 15

Network Characteristics: Ownership, Service Paradigm


and Performance
Network Ownership

 Private Network
– Owned by single organization or company

 Public Network
– Owned by common carrier e.g. Phone Company)
Private Network

 Often LAN Technology

 Multiple LANs in a building or campus linked together

 Sometimes called Intranet


Private Network Architecture

 Operates autonomously from other networks (e.g. Internet)

 Usually includes one or few closely managed external


connections

 May restrict access at connections


Managing Private Networks

 Organization buys own equipment

 Hires staff to design, implement, maintain and upgrade


network

 Responsible for all network management


Extending Private Networks

 Large organizations may have multiple buildings or


campuses

 Can only install cables on own property

 May contract for leased lines from common carrier


Public Networks
 Operated by common carrier
 May be telephone company or other organization that builds
network out of leased lines
 Multiple organizations subscribe and connect
 Data transits public network to other organizations
Advantages & Disadvantages
Private Public
 Advantages  Advantages

– The owner has complete – Flexibility


control over both the  Disadvantages
technical decision and
polices
 Disadvantages – No decision making
power equipment or
policies
– Expensive to install and
maintain
Virtual Private Network
 VPN (Virtual Private Network) combines features of private
and public networks
– Limited to single organization
– Uses public network for connectivity

 Connections, sometimes called Tunnels, connect sites


– Each site sees tunnel as point-to-point link
– No access for other users of public network
Service Paradigm
 Connection-Oriented
– Similar to telephone system; endpoints establish and
maintain a connection as long as they have data to
exchange

 Connectionless
– Similar to postal system; endpoint puts data to send into a
packet and hands to network for delivery
Public and Private Networks
Summary

 Cells vs. Packets


 Label switching vs. Routing
 ATM Critique
 Network Characteristics (Chapter 15)
 Network Ownership
 Private and Public Networks

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