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Computer Network - CS610 Power Point Slides Lecture 06

This document discusses computer networks and network topologies. It describes CRC hardware components using shift registers and XOR gates. It also discusses frame formats that include CRC for error detection and whether byte stuffing is needed for CRC. Different network topologies are presented, including direct point-to-point communication which connects only two computers directly but has disadvantages in scaling. Star topology is also mentioned as commonly used in practice.

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Ibrahim Choudary
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73 views

Computer Network - CS610 Power Point Slides Lecture 06

This document discusses computer networks and network topologies. It describes CRC hardware components using shift registers and XOR gates. It also discusses frame formats that include CRC for error detection and whether byte stuffing is needed for CRC. Different network topologies are presented, including direct point-to-point communication which connects only two computers directly but has disadvantages in scaling. Star topology is also mentioned as commonly used in practice.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Choudary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORKS

CS610
Lecture-6
Hammad Khalid Khan
Review of lecture 5

 Byte Stuffing
 Transmission Errors
 Error Detection
– Parity Check
– Checksum
– CRC
Chapter 7 (cont’d) Combining Building
Blocks
 Example 16-bit CRC hardware that uses three shift
registers and three exclusive or (xor) units
Combining Building Blocks (cont’d)
Combining Building Blocks (cont’d)
-Input data is all 1s
-CRC shown after 15,16,17 bits shifted
-Feedback introduces 0s in CRC
DIRECT POINT-TO-POINT
COMMUNICATION
Types of Errors
 CRCs can detect the following errors better than
checksums

 Vertical errors: Occur due to a hardware failure e.g.


Damaged second bit of every character

 Burst errors: Changing a small set of bits near a


specific location, caused by lightening, electric motor
start, etc.
Frame Format And Error Detection

 Modified frame format including CRC

 Error in frame typically causes receiver to discard frame

 Is Byte stuffing also required for CRC itself?


Frame Format And Error Detection
CHAPTER No. 8
LAN TECHNOLOGIES
and
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Introduction
 Most networks are Local and are designed to share
resources among multiple computers

 Hardware technologies used for Local networks allow


multiple devices to connect with a shared network

 The computers must take turns using the shared medium


Direct Point-to-Point Communication

 Each communication channel connects exactly two


computers
 Form a MESH or a POINT-to-POINT network
Direct Point-to-Point Communication
 Advantages:
– The connection type of individual connections can be
different

– Individual connection can choose a different frame


format, error detection mechanisms, etc

– Easy to enforce Security and Privacy


Direct Point-to-Point Communication
 Disadvantages:
– The number of connections grow more rapidly than the
number of computers

• For ‘N’ computers:


Connections = N² - N
2

– Most connections use the same physical path

– Expensive
Direct Point-to-Point Communication
 Disadvantages:
– Adding a new computer to the network requires
‘N-1’ new connections
Star Topology in Practice
 The Result is:
Summary

 CRC Hardware Components

 Frame Format and CRC

 LAN technology and Network topology (Chapter 8)

 Direct Point-to-Point Communication

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