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C++ Commumnication Networks

A computer network connects multiple computers and devices through communication channels to allow sharing of resources and information. Key advantages of networks include easy communication, ability to access information from anywhere through roaming, sharing of files and resources like printers. Potential disadvantages are dependence on the network, security risks like hacking, costs of hardware, and spread of viruses. The evolution of computer networking included ARPANET developed by the US Department of Defense in 1960s, followed by NSFnet in 1980s which led to development of the modern Internet in 1990s connecting various private and research networks globally.

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74 views

C++ Commumnication Networks

A computer network connects multiple computers and devices through communication channels to allow sharing of resources and information. Key advantages of networks include easy communication, ability to access information from anywhere through roaming, sharing of files and resources like printers. Potential disadvantages are dependence on the network, security risks like hacking, costs of hardware, and spread of viruses. The evolution of computer networking included ARPANET developed by the US Department of Defense in 1960s, followed by NSFnet in 1980s which led to development of the modern Internet in 1990s connecting various private and research networks globally.

Uploaded by

MAX Music
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER

NETWORK
A Computer Network,
or simply a Network, is
a collection of
computers and other
hardware components
interconnected by
communication
channels that allow
sharing of resources
and information.
ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKS
Following are the advantages :
•Communication – it is easy (and often free) to
communicate using email, text messages, voice calls
and video calls.
•Roaming – if information is stored on a network, it
means users are not fixed to one place. They can use
computers anywhere in the world to access their
information.
•Sharing information – it is easy to share files and
information over a network. Music and video files, for
instance, can be stored on one device and shared
across many computers, so every computer does not
need to fill the hard drive with files.
•Sharing resources – it is easy to share resources
such as printers. Twenty computers in a room could
share one printer over a network.
•Sharing software – it is possible to stream software
using web applications. This avoids needing to
download and store the whole software file.
DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORKS
Following are the disadvantages :
•Dependence – users relying on a network might
be stuck without access to it.
•Hacking - criminal hackers attempt to break into
networks in order to steal personal information and
banking details. This wouldn't be possible on a
stand-alone computer without physically getting
into the room, but with a network it is easier to gain
access.
•Hardware – routers, network cards and other
network hardware is required to set up a network.
At home, it is quite easy to set up a wireless
network without much technical expertise.
However, a complicated network in a school or an
office would require professional expertise.
•Viruses - networks make it easier to
share viruses and other malware. They can
quickly spread and damage files on many
computers via a network.
EVOLUTION OF INTERNET
ARPANET :
• Stands for Advanced Research
Project Agency Network.
• It is a project sponsored by U.
S. Department of Defense.
• Planted in 1969 to connect
computers at U. S. defense &
different universities.
• In 1980s, NSFnet was started
to make high capacity network,
which are more capable than
ARPANET.
• In 1990s the internetworking of
ARPANET, NSFnet and other
private networks resulted into
internet.
INTERNET
•The internet is a network of the
interlinked computer networking
worldwide.
•It is a super-network.
•Connects many smaller networks
together.
•Allows all the computer to exchange
information with each other.
•Uses set of protocols called TCP/IP
WORKING OF INTERNET
• Firstly the information or file to be
sent to another computer is divided
into small parts called Packets.
•Each packets is given a sequential
number e.g. 1,2,3.
•Then packets are send to the
address of destination computer.
• The destination computer receives
the packets in randomly.
•Then packets are rearranged in
their correct order and get actual
information/file.
INTERSPACE
• Interspace is a client/server software program
that allows multiple users to communicate online
with real-time audio, video and text chat I
dynamic 3D environments.

•Provide most advanced form of communication.

•Used for interconnecting spaces to manipulate


information.

•Vision of what Internet become, where users


cross-correlates information in multiple ways
from multiple sources.
Terms Used in Networking
1.Nodes : A node is any device connected to a
computer network and share the resources of the
network .
2.Server : A server is a computer designed to process
requests and deliver data to other computers over a local
network or the Internet. Two Types:
(a) Non-dedicated : not completely dedicated to the
cause of serving.
(b) (b) Dedicated : completely dedicated to the cause of
serving.
3.NIU (Network Interface Unit ) :
• A Network Interface Unit is a computer hardware
component that connects a computer to a computer
network.
• Every computer connected with network must have
an NIU installed in it.
• Each NIU that is attached to a computer has a
unique number identifying it which is known as node
address.
• Also known as Terminal Access Point (TAP) and
Network Interface Card (NIC).
• The NIC manufacturer assigned a unique physical
address to each NIC card known as MAC address.
SWITCHING TECHNIQUES
Switching Techniques are mechanisms for moving data from one network segment
to another .There are three typical switching techniques :
1. Circuit Switching :
•Directly connects the sender and the receiver in an unbroken path.
•Telephone switching equipment, for example, establishes a path that connects the
callers telephone to the receivers telephone by making a physical connection.
•A complete end-to-end path must exist before communication can take place.
2. Message Switching :
•With message switching there is no need to establish a dedicated path between
two stations.
•When a station sends a message, the destination address is appended to the
message.
•The message is then transmitted through the network, in its entirety, from node
to node.
•Each node receives the entire message, stores it in its entirety on disk, and then
transmits the message to the next node.
•This type of network is called a store-and-forward network.
•3. Packet Switching :
•Packet swathing places a tight upper limit on block size.
•Specifies a fix size of packet which can be transmitted across network.
•Improve performance as the access time is reduced.
•All the packets are stored in the main memory.
•Throughput of network is improved.

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