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Action Research Method

The document discusses various methods used in action research including identifying participants, data gathering techniques, sampling methods, research instruments, data collection procedures, and data analysis. It provides definitions and examples of qualitative and quantitative research, experimental and non-experimental research designs, as well as different data collection methods, sampling techniques, and tools used for data analysis. The goal of an action research method is to diagnose problems, identify causes, and propose evidence-based solutions.

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Reyes C. Ervin
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93 views31 pages

Action Research Method

The document discusses various methods used in action research including identifying participants, data gathering techniques, sampling methods, research instruments, data collection procedures, and data analysis. It provides definitions and examples of qualitative and quantitative research, experimental and non-experimental research designs, as well as different data collection methods, sampling techniques, and tools used for data analysis. The goal of an action research method is to diagnose problems, identify causes, and propose evidence-based solutions.

Uploaded by

Reyes C. Ervin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Action Research

Methods
ERVIN C. REYES
Can you recognize the correct
Apple logo?
Quick! Count the number of
times that the letter F
appears in the following
sentence:
“Finished files are the
result of years of scientific
study combined with the
experience of years.”
Ans.: 5
Of the 100 people at a recent
party, 90 spoke Spanish, 80
spoke Italian, and 75 spoke
Mandarin. At least how many
spoke all three languages?
A. Participants
and/or other
sources of data
and information
Participants, respondents
and subjects are the
people who the
researcher selects for
their study.
1. Participants are usually in
qualitative research (eg.
interviews).
2. Respondents answer (respond
to) questionnaires - usually
quantitative.
3. Subjects are usually in
experimental/scientific research
(quantitative).
sources of data
1. Primary Data - Primary data means
original data that has-been collected
specially for the purpose in mind. It means
someone collected the data from the
original source first hand.
2. Secondary Data - Secondary data is the
data that has been already collected by
and readily available from other sources.
Frequency
Distribution and the
Percentage of the
Respondents
Table 1: Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Student-Participants
Student-Respondents
Grade 12
Sections Frequency Percent
ABM -HONESTY
32 22
TVL-HUMANENESS
30 21
TVL- HUMILITY
28 19
TVL-HOPE
28 19
TVL-HOSPITALITY
28 19
TOTAL 144 100
B. Data
Gathering
Methods
Type of Research
1. Qualitative Research – requires non-numerical
data, which means that the research uses words
rather than numbers to express the results, the
inquiry or investigations. ( thoughts , beliefs,
feelings)
2. Quantitative research – involves measurement
of data. It presents research findings referring to
the number or frequency of something in
numerical forms. (percentage, fractions, means)
Quantitative Research
1. Phenomenology - to describe experiences as they are
lived.
2. Grounded theory - theory development.
3. Ethnography - to describe a culture's characteristics.
4. Historical - describe and examine events of the past to
understand the present and anticipate potential future
effects.
5. Case study - describe in-depth the experience of one
person, family, group, community, or institution.
Quantitative Research
1. Experimental Research - in which the
investigator deliberately controls and
manipulates the independent variable to
observe the effect of that change on another the
dependent variable.
2. Non – experimental Research - is a quantitative
research design that is capable of giving
qualitative and quantitative data, but more on
qualitative data
Experimental Research
1. True Experimental Design - what proves
this as a true experimental design is its
random selection of participants.
2. Quasi – experimental Design - the term
quasi means partly, partially, pseudo, or
almost. The non adherence of this
research design to random selection of
participants.
Non - Experimental
1. Descriptive Research - depicts an image or a picture of
an individual or a group.
2. Comparative Research - states the differences or
similarities between or among people, things, objects,
etc.
3. Correlational Research - to find if the data has an
observable relationship .
4. Survey Research - describes the attitudes, preferences,
views, feelings, and other behavioral patterns of a big
number of people .
Sampling
Methods/Techniques
1. Probability Sampling – refers to a
sampling technique in which samples are
obtained using some objective chance
mechanism.
2. Non probability Sampling – this is a
technique when there is no way of
estimating the probability that each
element has being included in the sample.
Probability Sampling
1. Simple random sampling.
2. Systematic random sampling
3. Stratified random sampling
4. Cluster sampling
5. Multi – stage sampling
Non Probability Sampling

1. Accidental sampling
2. Purposive sampling
3. Quota sampling
4. Snowball sampling
Data Collection Methods
1. Interviews
2. Questionnaires
3. Observations
4. Tests
5. Secondary Data
Data analysis
plan
Data Analysis Plan
A data analysis plan is a roadmap for how
you're going to organize and analyze your
survey data—and it should help you achieve
three objectives that relate to the goal you
set before you started your survey: Answer
your top research questions. Use more
specific survey questions to understand
those answers. Segment survey
respondents to compare opinions.
Research Instruments
Research Instruments are
measurement tools (for example,
questionnaires or scales) designed
to obtain data on a topic of interest
from research subjects.
Research Instruments
1. Questionnaires
2. Interview
3. Rating Scale
4. Checklist
5. Scorecard
6. Teacher – made tools
7. Standardize test
Data Collection Procedure
Data collection is the process of gathering and
measuring data, information or any variables of
interest in a standardized and established
manner that enables the collector to answer or
test hypothesis and evaluate outcomes of the
particular collection. (www.questionpro.com )
Procedure - a series of actions conducted in a
certain order or manner. (google dictionary)
Data Analysis
Data analysis is the process of
developing answers to questions
through the examination and
interpretation of data.
Data Analysis
Example:
The following statistical tools will be utilized in the
analysis and interpretation of the data gathered:
1. Frequency Tally and Percentage
2. Mean and Standard deviation.
3. Norms for Interpretation.
4. Test of Difference / Relationship
Q: What significant
information have you
added today to your
knowledge of research?
Diagnostic Research Design
Here researcher wants to know about the root
causes of the problem. He describes the factors
responsible for the problematic situation. It is a
problem solving research design that consists
mainly:
Emergence of the problem
Diagnosis of the problem
Solution for the problem and
Suggestion for the problem solution

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