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    Angiosperm Lab

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    Christian Mahabir
    This document provides information on angiosperm morphology, classification, shoots, and flowers. It discusses: - The classification of angiosperms and their distinguishing features. - The structure of angiosperm shoots, including stems, internodes, nodes, leaves, and buds. - The structure and parts of flowers, including pistils, stamens, perianth, and modifications like imperfect, perfect, monoecious and dioecious flowers. - Types of inflorescences and their characteristics like spikes, racemes, umbels and heads.

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    Angiosperm Lab

    Uploaded by

    Christian Mahabir
    64 views29 pages
    This document provides information on angiosperm morphology, classification, shoots, and flowers. It discusses: - The classification of angiosperms and their distinguishing features. - The structure of angiosperm shoots, including stems, internodes, nodes, leaves, and buds. - The structure and parts of flowers, including pistils, stamens, perianth, and modifications like imperfect, perfect, monoecious and dioecious flowers. - Types of inflorescences and their characteristics like spikes, racemes, umbels and heads.

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    Angiosperm lab

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    This document provides information on angiosperm morphology, classification, shoots, and flowers. It discusses: - The classification of angiosperms and their distinguishing features. - The structure of angiosperm shoots, including stems, internodes, nodes, leaves, and buds. - The structure and parts of flowers, including pistils, stamens, perianth, and modifications like imperfect, perfect, monoecious and dioecious flowers. - Types of inflorescences and their characteristics like spikes, racemes, umbels and heads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    64 views29 pages

    Angiosperm Lab

    Uploaded by

    Christian Mahabir
    This document provides information on angiosperm morphology, classification, shoots, and flowers. It discusses: - The classification of angiosperms and their distinguishing features. - The structure of angiosperm shoots, including stems, internodes, nodes, leaves, and buds. - The structure and parts of flowers, including pistils, stamens, perianth, and modifications like imperfect, perfect, monoecious and dioecious flowers. - Types of inflorescences and their characteristics like spikes, racemes, umbels and heads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Angiosperm morphology

    shoots and flowers


    JRM Nov 2017
    In course exam 2 – Content tested
    Angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes
    ANGIOSPERMS

    Objectives:
    Angiosperm classification
    Angiosperm apomorphies
    Shoot and flower structure
    Classification activity – Standardising the
    classification used in this course
    Kingdo Phylum Common Major Other informative
    m names plant groupings
    groups

    Embryophytes
    Viridi- Chlorophyta green algae Algae
    plantae

    Rhodophyta red algae


    Phaeophyta brown
    algae
    Hepatophyta liverwort Bryophytes
    Bryophyta mosses

    phytes
    Tracheo-
    Microphyllo- clubmosses Pterido-
    phyta phytes
    Pteridophyta ferns
    Classification of flowering plants
    Common names: Angiospermae angiosperms
    Formal classification
    • Domain: Eukaryota
    • Kingdom: Plantae/Chlorobionta/Viridiplantae
    • Phylum : Magnoliophyta
    • Class: Monocots and Eudicots (common names)
    2. Name the apomorphies of the flowering plants.
    A flower can be defined as …

    • Flower: a determinate reproductive shoot (branch) bearing carpels


    &/or stamens
    • - Autapomorphy of angiosperms – only group of plants which bear
    flowers
    WHAT IS A SHOOT?

    MORPHOLOGY OF THE ANGIOSPERM SHOOT- GROWTH INDETERMINATE


    FROM SHOOT TO FLOWER

    IDENTIFY THE STEM, INTERNODE, NODE, LEAVES, AND BUD


    Major components of a typical flower.

    Pistil - leaf
    modified for
    STAMEN -leaf
    female
    modified – for
    gametophyte
    male
    production
    gametophyte
    production

    PERIANTH
    – leaves
    modified to
    protect
    inner parts
    and to
    attract
    pollinators
    The Flower

    • Shoot system consisting of an axis & laterally borne leaves for sexual
    reproduction. Stipules remain as well.
    Differs from vegetative shoot:
     No buds in leaf axils
     Internodes between leaves are very short
     Growth is determinate
    Leaves are modified for specific functions
    Floral leaves:
     Petals and sepals: accessory parts
     Stamens and carpels: essential parts
     sepals  calyx
     petals  corolla
     Both whorls  perianth
    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
     Stamens (filament + anther): male (androecium)
     Pistils (ovary + style + stigma): female (gynoecium)
    Floral Leaf & Stem Anatomy
     Bract : leaf subtending a flower. Can be large/brightly
    colored (Poinsettia, Bougainvillea)
     Pedicel : stem of a flower
     Receptacle : point of attachment of floral leaves to
    pedicel
     Inflorescence : branched system of flowers.
     Peduncle : inflorescence axis.
    Some Trends in Floral Evolution
    • many parts.....few
    • floral whorls: 4→ 3→ 2→ 1
    • floral axis became shorter
    (magnoliids....Asteraceae)
    • original spiral….not obvious
    • fusion of floral parts
    • superior ovary....inferior ovary
    • Perianth: …distinct calyx & corolla
    • radial....to bilateral symmetry
    Floral Modifications: 1. Absence of Parts

     Complete flower has all 4 whorls


     Incomplete flower lacks one or more whorls.
     Perfect flower: both carpels & stamens, but lacks sepals and or
    petals
     Imperfect flower lacks either carpels or stamens
     Staminate (male) flower has only stamens
     Carpellate (female) flower has only carpels
    Monoecy & Dioecy
     Corn is monoecious ("one house") with male and female flowers on
    one plant.
     Papaya is dioecious ("two houses") male & female flowers on
    different plants.
     Dioecy fosters outcrossing
     Corn plant: tassel is a staminate
    imperfect inflorescence
    Ear is a carpellate
    imperfect inflorescence

    Main stem
    Silks
    (styles)

    “ovules”
    peduncle
    bract
    Axillary shoot
    Inflorescences
    How flowers are arranged on the stem

    Spike
    Single

    Raceme panicle

    Verticillaster
    Cyme
    corymb
    Umbel

    Compound Umbel Capitulum


    Heywood,V.H. (Ed.) 1993. Flowering Plants of the World
    RECORDING OUR OBSERVATIONS OF FLOWER
    MORPHOLOGY
    • floral formula:
    • A symbolic representation of floral morphology:
    • cycly (number or whorls or series),
    • merosity (number of parts per whorl),
    • fusion of parts,
    • ovary position.
    •
    •
    FLORAL FORMULA:
    P A G or K C A G
    Note: List number of parts after each
    symbol:
    P = # perianth parts or tepals (outer + inner
    whorls)
    or K = # sepals or calyx lobes C = # petals or
    corolla lobes
    A = # stamens of androecium (outer + inner
    whorls)
    G = # carpels of gynoecium (add ovary position)
    ( ) = fusion of parts [ ] = rare numbers of parts
    Phyllotaxy –leaf
    arrangement on the
    stem
    http://www.aquascapingworld.com/magazine/April08/Plant-
    Anatomy-Part-2-The-Leaf.html

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